Grievances and Arbitration Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Grievances and Arbitration - Article Example The author suggests that in case arbitration failed to reach a mutual understanding with teachers, there is a possibility to receive similar grievances from collective. Furthermore grievance on insufficient salaries can evoke a chain of bargaining. The main idea of the article is that in case grievance procedure fails there is a chance to settle a conflict with the help of arbitration. The perception of the grievance procedure by teachers as fair and just underlines both trusts to management and the board of education. Grievance procedures become widely-known and labor relations can be more transparent and violations of labor contracts can be settled through grievance or arbitration procedures. Grievance procedure is considered by Roger Prosise author as an option for justice. A violation of teachers’ contracts was filed to the educational board in order to reach a resolution. Mutual understanding through grievance procedure failed and the case was sent to arbitration. Furthermore alongside with Chapter 6 â€Å"Grievance and arbitration† from the book by Sloan, the article by Roger Prosise â€Å"Introduction to Grievance and Arbitration† expresses the main idea that grievance procedures underline democracy of the working process. Thus in the article, an emphasis is made on the fact that teachers’ expectations about sufficient salaries are reflected in the example of the grievance procedure, which was settled in arbitration. The grievance and arbitration processes discussed in the article by Roger Prosise deals with the insufficient salaries awarding for teachers with rich bilingual experience but short length of teaching experience. The author su cceeded and after grievance procedure and arbitration processes teachers got fair salaries for their teaching. Nevertheless, the conflict wasn’t easy to settle and only arbitration bore fruits and teachers got salaries they deserved.

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 45

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example Certain managerial structures are not fit for a particular organization. Thus these organizations need to make adjustments to custom fit managerial tactics which would be effective not just for the administrative part but also for the workforce. An effective management does not only look after the betterment of its administration. It should also be taking care of its workforce as this is the sector responsible for the output that which gives income to the company. For a management to be effective, it should be able to communicate with the workers who would be carrying out the majority of the work in the organization. As stated earlier, with the companies exploring the international market, traditional management is not applicable anymore because there would be workers who would be coming from locations where managers are not able to visit on a daily or weekly basis. Therefore, management should be flexible to answer the needs of its workforce without sacrificing the other aspects of the company. Flexibility is the key towards effective management to cope up with the changes in the market and within the organization

Army Nurse Corps Essay Example for Free

Army Nurse Corps Essay All women in the Army served then in either the Army Nurse Corps or the Women’s Army Corps (WAC). All Army nurses were officers, and were Direct Commissions. That is, they became nurses first and then attended a ten day or so Orientation Course at (Ft. Sam Houston, Texas) to teach them how to be officers, the rudiments of military life, who to salute and when, etc. (There were a small number of male nurses who went through the same program. ) Nurses were assigned to Army hospitals, both Stateside and overseas, and were billeted separately from male officers. In Vietnam, Army nurses served exclusively in rear-area hospitals at major bases. The Women’s Army Corps (WAC) provided all Army female enlisted personnel and also had its own officers. Most WAC officers exclusively administered WAC units, but a handful received assignments to staff positions and other rear-echelon duties. In Vietnam, enlisted WACs performed mostly clerical duties, although some worked as medical technicians. Whatever their duty assignments, all enlisted women, on any base, even in the States, were billeted together as a single WAC Company in a guarded compound. (WAC officers had separate quarters, of course. ) Within this compound, in their barracks, WACs pulled their own guard, armed with baseball bats and whistles. (Neither WACs or nurses were issued weapons, and even those sent to Vietnam had only rudimentary firearms training. ) One tiny WAC unit (peak strength, 20 officers and 139 enlisted women) was assigned to Saigon, and nowhere else in-country. No WACs, even medical personnel, got any closer to combat than this. Eight US servicewomen died in Vietnam. Of these, four Army nurses and an Air Force flight nurse were killed in three separate, non-combat, plane crashes, and another died from disease. An older nurse died of a stroke. Only one woman, Army 1LT Sharon Ann Lane, was actually killed in a combat action, in a VC rocket attack on Chu Lai, in 1969. Besides nurses and WACs other American women would also go to Vietnam. TOD and China Beach covered most of the categories. American Red Cross girls, entertainers, civilian employees of the US government or contracting firms, newspaper correspondents, Christian missionaries, that about covers it. ARC girls made brief daylight visits (a few hours) to advance bases. The rest had rear-area jobs. (Christian missionaries were usually older, married women. ) American civilian women lived in major Vietnamese cities, which were off-limits to US troops, the exception being Saigon. Any women billeted on US bases also lived in guarded compounds. † Susan O’Neill served as an Army nurse in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970. â€Å"Don’t Mean Nothing† is her first book, written nearly thirty years after the experiences it depicts. O’Neill tells us that, (O’Neill, p. 15) â€Å"Before I went, I just assumed that war would involve injury and death; thats why I was being sent there, after all. But its one thing to look at it from a distance, and form neat mental pictures. Once you step through the looking glass, as it were, into the reality of itonce your sneakers are full of somebody elses bloodyou look at the whole thing quite differently. The bloods no longer a metaphor; it goes through to your socks and into the skin of your feet. Into your soul. † O’Neill gives us a clearer definition of what Vietnam was truly like. She offers that it wasn’t a place where you played around because people’s lives were at stake. The author goes on to tell us that, â€Å"Back in the states, when I so glibly thought I knew what Vietnam and war, in general, was about, I had opposed it on some cool-headed philosophical basis, from some distant notion of empathy. Gradually, in Vietnam, I became horrified at how callow my ideas had been.

Shawshank Redemption by Frank Darabont Essay Example for Free

Shawshank Redemption by Frank Darabont Essay * Read each question carefully to determine which one you will answer * When you have selected the question you will spend a few minutes breaking it apart to ensure that your response answers all aspects. If you are looking for Excellence you want to select a question that will allow you to demonstrate that you are able to connect your text to society.| To show that with friendship and hope one can break free from their oppression Example: Identify what you consider to be the director’s main purpose in producing a text you have studied AND explore, in depth, one or two main techniques used to achieve it. Camera shots and dialogue Think of your essay like an hour glass. You are going to start wide (general) with your thoughts get narrow (very specific) and then end wide (generally again). Step Two: Introduction (Same as Novel) With your introduction you want to capture your reader’s attention. You are going to begin your essay with a few general statements. Quote; historical background; comment on a relevant issue in your text; use a statistic to highlight another issue that relates to your essay’s topic| Then you will move into the specific details of your text: * You must include the title and DIRECTOR of the text * You must echo the key words of the question (use these words exactly as it indicates to the marker that you understand what the question is asking) * You must also include or make reference to visual and verbal techniques When you see the word HOW it means techniques! I.e. How does the director craft the text-Visual-lighting, costumes, props, camera shots, camera angles, cuts, jump cuts, dissolve edits, cross cuts, colour filters, *cinematography, post productionVerbal-dialogue, music, non diagetic, diagetic, voiceovers, sound effects| Example Introduction: Green-interesting start/connection Blue-identifies techniques Purple-key elements Yellow-echoes the question â€Å"Hope is important because it can make the present moment less difficult to bear. If we believe that tomorrow will be better, we can bear a hardship today.† (Thich Nhat Hanh) Hope can sometimes be a hard concept to understand for many who are in difficult situations.In The Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabont, hope is an elusive idea for many of the prison’s inmates-except Andy Dufresne. Andy Dufresne is a character that helps to reveal Darabont’s main purpose in producing the film, that with friendship and hope people can break free from their oppression. The film uses camera shots and music to portray this main purpose. Notice how the writer has combined all of the different elements. Does this appear different to a Level 1 introduction? Step 3: Body Paragraphs Remember that now the ‘hour glass’ is beginning to become narrow. This is where you become specific with your information. You will need to: * Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the reader to your focus * You may then need to develop out these ideas (another sentence ) * Add a verbal technique (dialogue, voiceover, music, sound effects) that supports the topic * Add a visual technique (camera shots/angles, costume, symbolism, special effects, editing techniques etc.) that supports the topic * THINK ABOUT ADDING A THIRD OF EITHER VISUAL OR VERBAL * Explain how the visual and verbal features support the technique and topic * Try to connect the topic to modern day society-how is what you are watching still relevant? This is for excellence. Does not have to be in every paragraph. Green-society Blue-identifies techniques Purple-explanation Yellow-echoes the question Example Body Paragraph: Andy Dufrense was a character who never fit into the world of Shawshank Prison. Unlike other prisoners who claimed their innocence Andy was a wrongfully accused man a common occurrence for 8-12% of today’s inmates (Truth and Justice, 2011). Although Andy’s faith and hope does falter at times throughout the film it never dissolves. Music is a verbal feature used to help the audience understand the main purpose of the film that with friendship and hope one can break free from their oppression. Music was used to help show us Darabont’s idea of freedom and institutionalisation. Andy deliberately disobeys the warden and plays â€Å"The Marriage of Figaro† on the large speakers. He is severely punished for this and is sent into â€Å"the hole†. As the music is playing, all the prisoners stop what they are doing as they are awed by the beautiful voices of the Italian women. The long shots and extreme long shots reveal the prisoners as they all stop their activities and listen to the music. This gives the prisoners freedom as it brings back memories and takes them to a place outside of the prison. It gives them hope that someday they might be free of this prison. When Andy is sent to the hole as a result of disobedience, he says that he took the music down there with him. A close up of Andy being initially locked in reveals a smile on his face. He had the music in his head and it gave him hope. This hope helped him survive throughout the following years in the prison. You then need to repeat this process TWO MORE TIMES! You must remember that your body paragraphs is where you demonstrate your knowledge of the text. It is also the place where you analyse the features and key ideas and how they worked together. Step Four: Conclusion (SAME AS NOVEL) We are now at the end of the essay. This is a CRITICAL paragraph as this is the last element of the essay your marker will read. You want to put in just as much effort here as you did at the beginning. Introduction-catches the reader’s attentionConclusion-reminds them just how brilliant you are!| You will start your conclusion with the specific: * You must include the director and author of the text * You must echo the key words of the question (use these words exactly as it indicates to the marker that you understand what the question is asking) * You must also include or make reference to the visual and verbal techniques Your last sentence or sentences will be general. Remember we are now at the bottom of the hour glass. You want to end with a statement or idea that leaves the reader thinking. End with a connection to current society; end with a reflective observation about your text; a lesson learned| Green-society Purple-key elements Yellow-echoes the question Hope is an important element of survival in any environment. In Frank Darabont’s The Shawshank Redemption both camera shots and music have been used effectively to help develop the main purpose that with friendship and hope one can break free from their oppression. At the start of this film, Andy is shown to be a dis-passionate man who has lived in comfort. Throughout The Shawshank Redemption, his journey to express his emotions, build up his courage and withstand the ultimate battle between mind and authority helps him gain back the freedom took from him.

Australias National Identity and Wartime Experience

Australias National Identity and Wartime Experience Analytical Response Analyse, evaluate and compare the language used to represent Australias National Identity through wartime experience. For Australians, their national identity was forged through adversity and struggle. From federation, Australian troops have been involved in all major wars. It is this involvement that has shaped the image of Australians to both Australians and foreigners. Many different works have been represented Australians involvement in the First and Second World Wars as well as Vietnam and the Gulf Wars. Two of these works include the films Gallipoli (1981) by Peter Weir, as well as Baz Luhrmanns Australia (2008). Not only have films represented Australias identity, but also books including: Kokoda by Peter FitzSimons and True Blue? On being Australian, edited by Peter Goldsworthy. Peter Weirs Gallipoli (1981) was a film that is like no other. Instead of portraying the Turks soldiers as the enemy, Weir places the British in that position. In fact, in the film, the Turkish are rarely seen. This is completely juxtaposed to other texts written about the Gallipoli campaign of World War One. So one could say that weirs intent was not to accuse the Turkish as the enemy, but the British. To portray this, weir used many techniques to establish and demonstrate their meaning. One theme in the film is Australias coming of age. This is shown throughout the film but is shown early on through the scene when Uncle Jack is reading by The Jungle Book and how Mowgli has grown up and has to leave his family; the pack of wolves that have raised him all his life. Just as Mowgli, Australia has grown up and no longer has to seek protection from England. In his interview on the special features of Gallipoli (1981), Mel Gibson said â€Å"Gallipoli was the birth of a nation† (Weir, 1981); this idea is also shared by many others including the British Generals at Gallipoli. â€Å"Though many were shot to bits, without hope of recovery, their cheers resoundedThey were happy because they knew that they had been tried for the first time and not found wanting.† (Manne, 2007). Loyalty is a value that Australians hold very dear. Weir links this value and waste of potential that Australia suffered. Weir draws a parallel between Australias sporting ability and their loyalty to the war effort, with a recruiter for the Light Horse calling the war the greatest game of them all (Weir, 1981). The opening scene shows Archie undertaking his pre-race routine; he then practices the 100 yard dash in record time. This image shows the potential that Archie could have had, yet he is loyal and joins the war effort. Then in the final scene, Archie is in the trenches at Gallipoli when the whistle for them to charge was blown. It shows Archie leaving his most prized items in the trench; his medal and his watch. The medal is symbolises Archies potential, what life could have been like and the watch symbolises that Archies time has run out and how he is now sacrificing his life for his country; the ultimate sacrifice, the ultimate act of loyalty. Peter FitzSimons also refers to the sacrifice that is made by the diggers in Kokoda. †¦They died so young. They missed so much. They gave up so much: their hopes; their dreams; their loved ones. They laid down their lives that their friends might live. Greater love hath no man than this. (FitzSimons, 2008) This next scene depicts Archie running unarmed across the battlefield. This run is metaphorical, and is used again to show the potential of Archie. When Archie is shot, there is a freeze frame which creates the appearance that as though Archie is breasting tape. Another text that represents the Australian national identity is Baz Luhrmanns Australia (2008). Australia follows the life of an English aristocrat that travels to Northern Australia in 1939 to force her husband to sell his failing cattle property. However before she arrives, he is murdered for his 1,500 head of cattle. The story then continues on with her taking over ‘Far Away Downs and competing for the Army beef contract. The film continues through the struggles of the outback and then finds the cattle ending up in Darwin and loading the cattle on the ship. It then moves into the segment that provides the war time experience; the bombing of Darwin by the Japanese in 1942. Courage is the biggest value that is demonstrated inn Luhrmanns film. After the bombing raid by the Japanese, the drover and Magarri sail across to Mission Island to investigate whether Nullah survived. Though this is not historically correct, the Japanese never actually set foot on Australian soil, the act by the drover and Magarri was courageous because in the film this area was inhabited by two Japanese carrier divisions. The idea of courage as an aspect of the Australian identity is also shared by other composers in their representations of Australian identity. Robert Manne wrote that: â€Å"General Birdwood told the writer that he couldnt sufficiently praise the courage, endurance and soldierly qualities of the Colonials† (Manne, 2007). It was the courage shown by all ANZACs on the battlefields of Gallipoli that earned that the title of courageous and it has stuck with Australians through to present times. Courage was shown through the struggles that Australian diggers faced in World War Two; especially Kokoda. Alister Griersons film Kokoda also focuses on the topic of courage when the Australian diggers held of the advances of the Japanese army. It is commonly accepted that their bravery and courage helped to stop Australia from being invaded Japan. Through the works of many composers since Australias federation, Australias national identity has been represented and forged through wartime experience. From World War One to the present time; courage, loyalty and bravery have represented Australians. This has been shown through Australians willingness to protect their country and to rather die than surrender the ground they had so dearly fought for. The final aspect and most likely the most important, is Australians willingness to pay the ultimate sacrifice. REFERENCES Barrowclough, A. (2008, November 18). Video Review: Australia,The Movie . Retrieved August 10, 2009, from Times Online: http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article5178513.ece FitzSimons, P. (2008). Kokoda. Sydney: Hodder Australia. Grierson, A. (Director). (2006). Kokoda [Motion Picture]. Luhrmann, B. (Director). (2008). Australia [Motion Picture]. Manne, R. (2007). A Turkish Tale. In N. A. Limited, True Blue? On Being Australian (pp. 63-65). Crows Nest: Allen Unwin. OHara, M. (2008). Australia Study Guide. Melbourne: Australian Teachers of Media. Weir, P. (Director). (1981). Galliopoli [Motion Picture]. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. (2009, August 1). Gallipoli (1981 film). Retrieved August 11, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_(1981_film)#Themes CONTEXT STATEMENT STRAND CONNECTION: Strand connection is English Communications Project TEXT CONNECTION: Text sources are Australia, Baz Luhrmann (Director), Gallipoli, Peter Weir (Director), Kokoda, Alister Grierson (Director), Kokoda, Peter FitzSimons and True Blue? On Being Australian (Editor Peter Goldsworthy) DECLARED PIECE: Critical Analysis SELECTION OF FORM: Essay INTENTIONS OF THE PIECE: The purpose of my response is to record my current understanding of the focus question in the strand: Australias national identity as represented by many composers in works about Australias wartime experiences. Reflective Response Which texts that represent Australias national identity through wartime experience had the greatest effect on me? There are many texts that focus on the topic of an Australian national identity. These range from colonial texts through to contemporary texts like Baz Luhrmanns Australia (2008) and Peter FitzSimons Kokoda (2008). One thing that is commonly mentioned throughout the texts is that Australias national identity has been forged by wartime experiences. All but a few of the texts that I studied for this topic had a profound effect on me, whether they are fiction of nonfiction. From Gallipoli to Afghanistan, Australia has played a crucial part in every major world conflict since federation in 1901. Peter Weirs movie, Gallipoli (1981) is a good example of a text that represents Australias national identity and is a text that has a great impact on me. When Archie signed up to the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), I thought about the potential that is being wasted and then thought about my potential in life, and whether it is being wasted.

Hydrogen Fuel or Others Essay -- Hybrid Cars Automobiles Essays

Hydrogen Fuel or Others It is stated in the article â€Å"Benefits of a Hydrogen Economy† in Hydrogen Future that if we use hydrogen as an energy source in the U.S.A, it could help address concerns about energy security, global climate change, and air quality. Hydrogen fuel cells appear to be an one important enabling technology for increasing energy savings and reducing global climate change; however, I suggest that much more research is needed before the nation becomes absorbed in developing the hydrogen economy. In addition to the hydrogen fuel cells, the nation should continue to investigate other technologies such as new generation diesel, hybrids and solar cells. At present these technologies have come to maturity to some degree. I believe that now it is time to consider the fusion of these technologies. It is stated in the article â€Å"Benefits of a Hydrogen Economy† that, if we use hydrogen in very high efficiency fuel cells for our transportation and to generate power, we could significantly reduce the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. But the article â€Å"Road to Hydrogen Cars May Not Be So Clean† claims that, even though hydrogen could be generated via electrolysis without producing GHG, the reality is that oil companies plan to generate hydrogen from methane. And the most famous GHG, carbon dioxide, could be generated as a byproduct of the methane treatment process. Furthermore, according to the article â€Å"Fueling the future –Hydrogen Fuel Cells-†, electricity can be used to split water into its hydrogen and oxygen constituents; however, it takes far more electricity to make the hydrogen than the amount of electricity which hydrogen can generate in a fuel cell. To make matters worse, it might take a lot of electricity ... ... cells. Indeed, now it is time to consider seriously the fusion of these technologies. Works Cited Davidson, Keay. †Road to Hydrogen Cars May Not be So Clean† SFGate.com. 20 December 2002 < http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi file=/c/a/2004/12/20/HCAR.TMP&type=printable > Patterson, Tim. †Climate Change.† EnviroTruth.org. 10 April 2002. < http://www.envirotruth.org/climete_change_debate.cfm > D.S. Department of Energy. †Benefits of a Hydrogen Economy† 1 July 2004 < http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/future/benefits.html> †Fueling the Future† ConsumerReport.com. October 2004 < http://search.epnet.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=14376885 > †Why the Future is Hybrid† Economist. 4 December 2004 < http://search.epnet.com.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15263157 >

History of the Cell :: essays research papers

History of the Cell The word cell was coined by Englishman Robert Hooke (1635-1703), after viewing slices of cork in a microscope. The word cell was derived from the Latin word cella meaning small container. The microscope created new possibilities in the study biology. It allowed scientists to look into a completely new view of cellular biology. Galileo is credited with the invention of the microscope. Two of the main pioneers in microscope usage were Robert Hooke and Antonie von Leeuwenhoek. Rene Dutrochet discovered, in 1824, that the cell is the fundamental element in the structure of life. The first sightings of the actual movement of a cell were made by Robert Brown in 1827. Brown also discovered the nucleus in 1833. In Berlin, Johannes Muller made the connection between biology and medicine, others soon followed Muller and his connective thinking. One to follow Muller was Theodore Schwann. Schwann created the idea of the "cell theory" in the 1830's and stated that plants consisted of cells. His statement was made after Matthias Schleiden (1804 - 1881) had decided in 1838 that animals are composed of cells. In 1939 Schwann also stated that all organisms consist of one or more cells, and that the cell is the basic structure for all of life. German Pathologist by the name of Rudolf Virchow (1821 - 1902) altered the thought of cellular biology with his statement that "every cell comes from a cell.† Not even twenty years after this statement, processes of cell reproduction were being described. In 1898, Camillo Golgi developed a staining technique using silver nitrate that allows the identification of the cellular organelle that now bears his name, the â€Å"Golgi apparatus.† The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing the proteins that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. In 1953 Stanley Lloyd Miller conducted his famous primordial soup experiment. His experiment may have possibly shown how life’s building blocks here on earth may have formed. In the experiment he subjected a gaseous mixture of hydrogen, water, methane, and ammonia to an electric discharge for one week. Instead of him showing everyone that spontaneous generation was possible, his primordial soup showed him that it was not. Miller made sure that there was no oxygen in his design, but all throughout life there has been oxygen present.