Dell Corporation

Dell Corporation 1. Introduction A . Company History In 1983, Michael Dell, an 18-year-old freshman at the University of Texas at Austin, Spent his evenings and weekends pre-formatting hard disks for IBM-compatible PC upgrades. A year later, he dropped out of college to continue with his rapidly expanding business, which had grown from zero to $6 million in 1985, simply by upgrading IBM compatibles for local businesses. In 1985, Dell shifted its focus to assembling it own brand of computers which led to a dramatic growth of the business, with $70 million in sales at the end of 1985.By the year 1990 sales had grown to more than $500 million and Dell was able to supply a number of Fortune 500 Companies. The company now had a broad product line of desktop and portable computers with Intel processors and had earned a strong reputation for quality products and service. Throughout the company’s history, a big part of Dell’s success was due to its unique and distinctive  "Dell Direct Model. † This model took efficiency to new heights by eliminating the intermediaries between maker and user of PC’s and lowered costs by eliminating inventory with the help of an efficient supply-chain management system and internet sales.Today, as the world’s largest PC manufacturer, Dell Computer Corporation offers a great variety of computing products directly to customers, with build-to-order systems and Comprehensive services that fulfill the needs of its customers. Dell’s customers range from Major corporations to individuals all over the world. Efficient cash management has enabled Dell to have both extremely high inventory returns and a â€Å"negative cash conversion cycle. † This cash flow system permits Dell to pass on cost savings to customers in the form of lower prices for the best technology available.These competitive advantages have helped the company achieve a solid cash position with outstanding liquidity B.. In search of a company culture The culture at Dell had always been driven by a continuous program to drive down costs And improve the â€Å"customer experience. † Facts were more important and more highly valued than emotions and personal feelings. As the company grew and succeeded, the company culture that pushed the drive to be number one and to make a personal fortune was based solely on economic terms.But in the year 2000, Dell’s margins in the hardware business began to decline due to a slowing demand for PC’s and a price war with competitors. Investors were disappointed, layoffs were frequent, and employees began to wonder why they worked in a high-tech industry, and why they worked for Dell. Kevin Rollins was aware that all great companies have great cultures. They have a Purpose and a leadership model. Aware of an urgent need to define his company’s culture, he Looked for inspiration, reading books on Franklin, Jefferson, Monroe, and Washington.He soon dis covered that what the founding fathers of the United States believed in went well beyond logic. They were passionate, very idealistic, and had a vision that exceeded their personal gain and involved the risk of losing their lives. Mr. Rollins found this remarkable, and it caused him to think about the country’s soul and its leaders. He believed this was an â€Å"interesting paradigm for a company to examine, as opposed to simply adopting the business paradigm. † With this foundation, he began to develop what became known as The Soul of Dell. C. . Key Players Michael Dell is the founder and CEO of Dell Computers.During the past 18 years, he Has grown the company’s sales from $6 Million to $33. 7 Billion and opened sales offices Worldwide, employing more than 38,000 people around the world. In 1992, Michael Dell Became the youngest CEO of a company to be ranked as a Fortune 500 firm. He has been Honored in numerous occasions for his vision and leadership. One of t he main goals for his Company is to double company profits by 2005 Kevin Rollins became Dell’s President and Chief Operating Officer in March of 2001. Before then, he was president of Dell Americas. He managed all company operations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Latin America.During Mr. Rollins’ tenure at Dell, the Company has gone through a dramatic growth process increasing revenues from $5 Billion to $31 billion in just five years. Before joining the company, he functioned as vice president and Managing partner of Bain & Company Management Consultants, where he specialized in Corporate strategy and the management of high-tech companies. With his development of The Soul of Dell, he would like people to refer to Dell as a place where respect, integrity, honesty, and forthrightness are valued. Elizabeth Allen is currently the vice president of Corporate Communications at Dell.Her Responsibilities include the direction and global management of Dell’s corporate communications functions, including media relations, employee communication, and liaison with brand and product advertising divisions. Allen has spent more 20 years of her career in corporate communications. Before joining Dell, she was vice president of corporate communications at Staples Inc. , where she expanded investor, government, community and media relations. Previously, she worked for Raytheon Company and Loral Corporation as vice president of corporate communications in each.Allen has the responsibility of diffusing The Soul of Dell both inside the company and externally. 2. Current situation A. Vision statement It’s the way we do business. It's the way we interact with the community. It's the way we interpret the world around us– our customers needs, the future of technology, and the global business climate. Whatever changes the future may bring our vision — Dell Vision —    will be our guiding force. So Dell needs full customer sat isfaction. In order to become the most successful computer company, they need the newest technology and loyal customers. B.Mission Statement Dell's mission is to be the most successful Computer Company in the world at delivering the best customer experience in markets we serve. In doing so, Dell will meet customer expectations of: †¢Highest quality †¢Leading technology †¢Competitive pricing †¢Individual and company accountability †¢Best-in-class service and support †¢Flexible customization capability †¢Superior corporate citizenship †¢Financial stability 1- Customer The customer of dell according to the mission statement is the whole world because their aim is to be the most successful computer company in the world 2- MarketDue to the point that Dell wants to be the most successful computer company in the world it is automatically understood that their market is the whole world 3- Concern for profitability and growth Due to aiming to conquer t he whole world their will always be a place for growth which leads to more profitability 4- Concern for employees The mission statement does not talk at all about the employees I think this is the only flaw in the mission statement but if a company has such big goals the employees must be very qualified especially in this filed. The filed of computers because it is very competitive market with the other competitors. . Philosophy: From day one, Dell has built his company up on the premise that what the customer says goes. When he first started Dell Computer at the age of 19 in his University of Texas dorm room, Dell says his concept was simple: buy parts, assemble them, and sell the finished products directly to customers. He effectively eliminated big distributors and was able to reduce the end price he could charge. â€Å"You tell us what you want – how fast you want the programs to operate, how much memory, how expandable – and we will build it for you and ship it o ut, usually within three days,† he says. And if ever you have a question or a problem about your system, you call us direct. We take direct responsibility for the complete satisfaction of each and every customer. † After his company had been in business for three years, Dell created the industry’s first on-site-service program. If there was a problem with your computer, you didn’t have to return to the store to have it looked at. You simply called Dell and a serviceman would come to your house and fix it. â€Å"That was a pretty important plus because we didn’t have any stores,† Dell jokingly recalls.Dell claims that his company operates on a relatively simple concept: â€Å"The most important thing is to satisfy our customers,† he says. â€Å"The second most important is to be profitable. If we don't do the first one well, the second one won't happen. † Thus, the focus of his company remains on concrete issues, such as improving delivery time, cutting operating costs and maintaining customer service. Dell believes in the importance of adding value â€Å"beyond the box†, looking at the customer’s total experience. To this end, he often aligns his company with complementary partners for increased efficiency.Today, Dell builds computers only in response to orders that the company has actually received from users, either by phone or the Internet. Users are able to dictate the company’s supply, relieving Dell of the risk that comes along with trying to predict market demand in the extremely unpredictable computer industry. Because Dell customizes its products, the company is also able to provide unmatched levels of customer service. For instance, on October 27, 1997, after the Asian economic crisis overwhelmed Nasdaq’s online trading site, Nasdaq called Dell, which proceeded to build eight custom-made PowerEdge servers in just 36 hours.Three days later, they were up and running for N asdaq. By prioritizing his customers, Dell was rewarded with their business and loyalty. http://www. evancarmichael. com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/646/Lesson-2-Develop-a-CustomerFocused-Philosophy. html 6. Concern for public image The point that â€Å"Dell's mission is to be the most successful Computer Company in the world† means only one thing and that is the public image for the company must be very good not only domestically but also internationally. 7. Production servicesThe way how dell operates is actually a very smart way to cut of cost and inventory accounting wise leading to more profit for the company also the quote â€Å"Best-in-class service and support† convinces you that any service this company does can only be the best. 8. Technology Technology plays a very important role for dell simply because of the nature of the business. The computer filed is all about technology and service that is what gives any company the edge of survival in this filed so technolog y must be very high. â€Å"Leading technology†, http://www. samples-help. org. uk/mission-statements/dell-mission-statement. htm http://retailindustry. bout. com/od/topusretailcompanies/p/dellincprofile. htm C. Values statement Extending Our Global Success Leadership. Performance. A commitment to expansion. These are the principles that have secured our success in the marketplace and enhanced our ability to anticipate and address the industry’s needs. Our unique position as a technology leader ensures that you’ll always be challenged in your work and supported in reaching your most ambitious goals. [pic][pic][pic][pic] Showing results 1-2 of 2 1. Collaboration. Ambition. A commitment to unique solutions. When you work at Dell, you embody these principles every day. 2.Commitment to Diversity Collaboration. Empowerment. Opportunity. These are the tenets of Dell's strong commitment to diversity. http://content. dell. com/us/en/corp/careers-our-values. aspx D. Dell policies 1. Dell Global Environmental Policy Dell aspires to be a company in which environmental excellence is a priority in  everything we do. Our goal is to fully integrate environmental stewardship into the business of providing quality products, best-in-class services and the best customer experience at the best value. http://content. dell. com/us/en/corp/d/corporate~corp-comm~en/Documents~dell-global-environmental-policy. df. aspx 2. Global social media policy Scope This Global Policy on Social Media (Policy) is a Corporate Compliance Policy and applies to all Dell employees, employees of any Dell subsidiary, assigned workers, as well as to third parties performing services on Dell's behalf (hereinafter collectively referred to as â€Å"You†). For employees, compliance with this Policy is an expectation of employment (subject to local legal requirements). For assigned workers and third parties, compliance with this Policy is a condition of access to Dell facilities and resources, and of being permitted to perform services forDell. Definitions for capitalized terms used in this Policy may be found at the end of the Policy. Purpose Dell recognizes that Social Media tools such as blogs, micro-blogs, online forums, content-sharing Websites and other digital channels established for online interaction and connection are increasingly used to: promote Dell to colleagues, customers, the media and other Dell stakeholders; and/or share personal opinions and participate in online dialogue as individuals.The purpose of this Policy is to establish standards and expectations regarding any Dell-related use of Social Media. Dell's commitment to being direct, supports open communications, provided such communications adhere to this Policy. Policy Statement You must adhere to the following when engaging in Social Media: †¢ Appropriate Use of Information Technology Resources. Dell's Information Technology (IT) resources are company property dedicated to achiev ing Dell's business objectives. Inappropriate use is not acceptable.This includes, but is not limited to, using Dell IT assets to post offensive material on content-sharing websites, publish defamatory remarks about colleagues or customers on web forums or blogs, and leaking Confidential Information. †¢ Speaking On Behalf of Dell. Blogging and other online dialogue are far-reaching forms of communication; distribution is meant for a vast public audience. Information purported to be published by Dell contained within blogs and other Websites could have a negative impact to Dell and our stakeholders, with potential legal implications.Unless You have successfully completed Dell's Social Media training courses and have been certified to speak on behalf of the company  using Social Media, You shall never claim to be speaking on behalf of Dell or expressing an official company position in such communications. †¢ Ethical Conduct. You shall not conduct activities that are illega l or contrary to Dell's Code of Conduct, Privacy Statement Regarding Customer and Online User Information, or other Dell policies. Always respect the dignity and privacy of colleagues, customers, other Dell stakeholders and Dell competitors.Harassing, intimidating, offensive, abusive, threatening, menacing or hostile content communicated through blogs and other online communications is prohibited. Data related to others, including, but not limited to, personal details and pictures, shall only be posted with that party's consent. †¢ Transparency of Origin. You shall disclose Your connection to Dell in all communications with customers, the media or other Dell stakeholders when speaking on behalf of Dell (if authorized to do so) or discussing or recommending Dell or its products or services (even when doing so in Your personal capacity).You must also provide Your Dell contact information upon request. Unless you are certified to speak on behalf of Dell, You should make it clear t hat the opinions are Yours alone and do not necessarily reflect Dell's views or positions. †¢ Accurate Information. Never knowingly communicate information that is untrue or deceptive. Communications shall be based on current, accurate, complete and relevant data. Dell will take all reasonable steps to assure the validity of information communicated  using any channel but it is Your responsibility to assure accuracy in the first instance.Anecdotes and opinions shall be identified as such. †¢ Protection of Confidential Information. You shall protect Confidential Information as such information represents one of Dell's most important assets. It is never appropriate to share, post, publish or otherwise disclose Confidential Information unless You are explicitly authorized to do so. You must respect securities and financial disclosure laws, and must not post or otherwise comment in any capacity on Confidential Information that may be considered financial information (such as earnings, future business performance, business plans or prospects). Accountability. You will be held accountable for the information You share in online activities. Be careful what You share, publish, post or otherwise disclose. You are personally responsible for what You share and should remember that anything You post may be public for an indefinite period of time (even if You attempt to modify or delete). Try to ensure Your online communications reflect Dell's brand attributes of openness, responsiveness, integrity and optimism. Procedures and Training Dell has adopted training materials to assist You in complying with this Policy.Dell's Social Media  and Communities (SMaC) Team will deliver role-appropriate training. Asking Questions You are encouraged to ask any questions You may have about this Policy. To learn more about how to use Social Media in accordance with this Policy, contact Dell's SMaC Team at [email  protected] com. You may also ask Your leader or Human Resou rces representative, or contact the Global Ethics  and Compliance Office at [email  protected] com, or the Legal Department. Reporting and Investigation It is very important that You immediately report any suspicious behavior regarding Dell employees or Dell third parties.To report known or suspected violations of this Policy, contact your leader or another member of management, your Human Resources representative, an Ethics  and Compliance team member, or call the Ethics Helpline, a confidential toll-free, third party-operated telephone service, You may also submit a report  using the Ethicsline, a confidential Web-based online reporting vehicle. Reports made  using the telephone Helpline or the Web-based Ethicsline may be made anonymously where permitted by local law. Anyone reporting a suspected or actual violation of this Policy is protected from retaliation under Dell's Code of Conduct.All good faith allegations of violations of this Policy will be fully and confident ially investigated pursuant to Dell's Global Policy on Raising and Investigating Potential Ethics  and Compliance Violations. You are required to cooperate with all investigations of alleged Policy violations. Discipline and Other Consequences Employees who violate this Policy will be subject to appropriate disciplinary action or other remedial measures up to and including termination of employment if warranted under the circumstances and permissible under applicable law.Assigned workers and third parties who violate this Policy are subject to being denied access to Dell facilities, personnel and assets, and permission to perform services on Dell's behalf. Waivers The provisions of this policy cannot be waived. Dell management does not have the authority to approve waivers to this Policy. Revision and Revocation This Policy is not a contract between Dell and any employee, assigned worker, or third party. This Policy may be revised or revoked by Dell at any time, without advance no tice or cause. Local Policies and ProceduresDell operates in many countries and it is Dell's intention to comply with all applicable legal requirements. Accordingly, if a provision of this Policy conflicts with applicable local legal requirements, Dell will follow the local legal requirement (provided the local requirement does not conflict with U. S. law). In addition, Dell may adopt regional or country-specific policies on this subject to accommodate local conditions or legal requirements, and will inform employees in the applicable region or country of the terms of any such policy. DefinitionsConfidential Information  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Important or valuable business information that is not available to the public. It includes trade secrets and other intellectual property that has been developed, licensed or acquired by Dell. It can also include information of customers, business partners or others that has been disclosed to Dell under obligations of confidentiality. Examples include una nnounced financial information, strategic business plans, unannounced product or services and solutions offerings, planned or contemplated mergers or acquisitions, lawsuits and other legal proceedings, roduct design and technical knowledge, customer and team member personal information. Social Media  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Web-based technologies used to broadcast messages and participate in dialogues. Examples of Social Media software applications on the Internet include social networking applications such as Facebook; video-sharing applications such as YouTube; micro-blogging applications such as Twitter; collaboration applications such as Wikipedia; and Dell's official corporate blog, Direct2Dell. Examples of Social Media applications used within Dell are Dell's internal blog, One Dell Way, and Dell's internal networking tool, Chatter.Global Policy on Social Media Effective Date: August 5, 2010 http://content. dell. com/us/en/corp/d/corp-comm/social-media-policy. aspx 3. Privacy and Data Secu rity At Dell, your right to privacy and data security is a primary concern. That's why, when you visit dell. com, we help you maintain control over your personal data on the Internet. Below are the guidelines we use for protecting the information you provide us during a visit to our Internet sites (www. dell. com/ap) or when you use our online support offerings such as support. ap. dell. com.Other Dell and Dell Co-branded sites may operate under their own privacy and security policies. 3. External scanning A. PEST ANALYSIS PEST analysis is very important that an organization considers its environment before beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. The organization's marketing environment is made up from: PEST analysis stands for â€Å"Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis† and describes a framework of macro environmental factors used in environmental scanning.It is also referred t o as the STEP, STEEP or PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Legal, and Ethical). It is a part of the external analysis when doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political factors include areas such as tax policy, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs and political stability. The economic factors are the economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate.Social factors often look at the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. The technological factors also include ecological and environmental aspects and can determine the barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. It looks at elements such as R&D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate o f technological change. The internal environment e. g. staff (or internal customers), office technology, wages and finance, etc.The microenvironment e. g. our external customers, agents and distributors, suppliers, our competitors, etc. The macro-environment e. g. Political (and legal) forces, Economic forces, Socio cultural forces, and Technological forces. These are known as PEST factors. Political Factors The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. You must consider issues such as: .How stable is the political environment? For example what is happening because of 25 of January revolution? Will government policy influence laws that regulate or tax your business? .What is the government's position on marketing ethics? And this is not clear in Egypt those days What is the government's policy on the economy? Does the government have a view on culture and religion? Is the government involved in t rading agreements such as EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, or others? Economic Factors Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long-terms. This is especially true when planning for international marketing. You need to look at: . Interest rates 2. The level of inflation Employment level per capital Sociocultural Factors The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country. It is very important that such factors are considered. Factors include: l. What is the dominant religion? 2. What are attitudes to foreign products and services? 3. Does language impact upon the diffusion of products onto markets? 4. How much time do consumers have for leisure? 5. What are the roles of men and women within society? 6. How long are the population living?Are the older generations wealthy? 7. Do the population have a strong/weak opinion on green issues? Technological Factors Technology is vital for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization . Consider the following points: 1. Does technology allow for products and services to be made more cheaply and to a better standard of quality? 2. Do the technologies offer consumers and businesses more innovative products and services such as Internet banking, new generation mobile telephones, etc? 3. How is distribution changed by new technologies e. g. ooks via the Internet, flight tickets, auctions, etc? 4. Does technology offer companies a new way to communicate with consumers e. g. banners, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), etc? http://www. nishanw. org/Corporate%20Strategy%20lession%202%20tools. doc B. Porter’s model 1. New entrants:- From the point of view of Dell this is considered a low risk simply because to enter a market like this you need a lot of capital, to start up and to get the latest technology. Seconded of all there are a lot of established companies in this field so entering it would be nearly impossible. ttp://www. photopla. net/wwp0503/entry. ph p 2. Rivalry:- Rivalry will always exist in such a market because there are lot of establish competitors such as HP, Sony, Toshiba. And many more. www. csus. edu/indiv/h/†¦ /ComputerIndustryAnalysis8-06. ppt – 3. Threat of substitute products:- In the computer filed you would think there are no substitute products. It matters on exactly what the customer wants if the customer wants a computer just to serf the internet there are substitute products. Like the high tech mobiles and I-Pad.However if the consumer uses a computer to play games or other things computer a pretty much the only product you can buy to do these stuff therefor the computer becomes a nessatiy . In the case of dell laptops are not considered a substitute products compared to the normal Personal computer. Due to that dell is one of the main players in the computer market and are aiming to be the best in all computers as to oppose of Gamma or Philips for example. http://www. vodafone. co. uk/personal/ind ex. htm 4. Bargaining power of buyers:-The consumer or buyer in this case has a lot of power therefore any company that wants to serve has to play by one rule an that rule is. To produce a product at the lowest cost possible selling that same product at the highest cost possible. The highest cost possible is the selling price your competitors sell there product. Consider if you will that the cost the competitor sells his product that to be your ceiling of a price there for you will always find that competitors all there prices are very close if not even the same.Only if there is a huge difference in quality. 5. Bargaining power of suppliers. As for suppliers bargaining power this is a very high risk for any company because a supplier may rise prices or less the quality of the product. There for it is a must for every company to have an excellent relation with its supplier. Relative power or other stakeholders Governments play a big role on any company with law and Terries and so on there for it might not be that easy to enter a new market. C. Strategic groupsIn the case of dell or in general the computer industry you will find that there are a lot of players in the market such as Sony, HP, Compaq, all of these companies just mentioned all work under the IBM Bracket as to oppose of apple which uses Macintosh a completely different operation system. This is more used by advanced users such as engineers and musicians. So from by point of view if we were to compare price of the final product and quality you will find Apple in the top right while dell and all the others will be under apple also on the right because dell always thrive on the highest quality product. pic] D. Strategic types Dell is a reactor company because in this filed of computers all of them work as a reactor company simply because all what dell does is that is manufactures and assembles the computer the only thing that changes in this field is the technology and power of the computer example for the companies that create that technology is Intel and AMD E. Issue priority Matrix Impact on organizationHigh Medium Low | | | | | |Medium priority | |Increasing Turn over |high | | |High priority |rate | | | | | | | |Low priority |Financial crisis |High priority |Medium | | | |Medium priority | | |Swine flu |Low priority | |low | Probability of occurrence The issue priority matrix is a matrix that helps you measure the priority of external factors and its effect on the organization. the financial crisis have a medium level of occurrence, while it have a medium priority, while the swine flu has a low level of occurrence with a low priority, the rate of turn over rate has a high priority with a high rate of occurrence. F. Industry success matrix In the industry we have decided to place all the direct competitors in our bubble according to the Strategic groups. Picking only 3 companies for convenience Key factors |weight |Dell |score |sony |score | |1 | Increased internet |. 20 |3 | . 6 |Increases dell profit | | |access in Egypt | | | |by reaching more | | | | | | |customers | |2 |Outsourcing |. 05 |4 |. |Improve the quality of | | | | | | |services offered by | | | | | | |dell | |3 |Ecommerce |. 10 |4 |. 4 |Increasing profits | | | | | | |through usage of dell | | | | | | |direct model | |4 |Maintaining Low Price |. 05 |2 |. 1 |Questionable as it's an| | Leadership | | | |old strategy used for | | | | | | |companies in growth | | | | | | |stage | |THREATS | |THREATS | | | | |1 |I. T. Advancement |. 0 |4 |. 8 |Well positioned | |2 |Price Wars |. 10 |3 |. 3 |Questionable | |3 |Strong Brands in The |. 10 |3 |. 3 |Dell brand name is also| | |Market (IBM) | | | |a strong ones | |4 |HP / Compaq Merger | . 20 |4 |. |Well positioned | |Total |1. 00 |3. 5 | | | | The 3. 50 WEIGHTED SCORE in Dell’s EFE Matrix is above average and represents that Dell is responding in an excellent way to its opportunities and threats in the I. T industry. In other words we can c onclude that Dell’s strategies efficiently and effectively take advantage of its opportunities and take serious steps to minimize the potential threats. http://www. ijazconsulting. com/uploads/Dell-Strategic_Case-Analysis_by_Ijaz_and_Muffich. pdf 4. Internal scanning A. Organizational structureDell Corporation’s organizational structure is a functional, decentralized structure. The company encourages different departments and functional components to contribute ideas to enhance the strength of the organization. The hierarchical structure provides defines the various functions provided by Dell Corporation, including Business Development, Education, and Global. A decentralized structure provides more learning availability for all members of the enterprise, as decisions come from various levels; in contrast, the centralized structure has more of the decision-making coming from the upper levels of the enterprise, such as the CEO and Vice Presidents.In the divisional organi zation, every division has its own groups to support that specific division (such as purchasing units and human resources units). [pic] 2. Culture: |Dell believes in being direct in everything we do. Our ultimate success is based on maintaining direct | |relationships built on trust. Our relationships with diverse partners help us reach multicultural consumer groups| |across the world and recruit the best and brightest talent to achieve success in the marketplace. | |Dell's Winning Culture and comprehensive diversity initiatives create a corporate environment based on | |meritocracy, personal achievement and equal access to all available opportunities.We focus our internal efforts | |on cultivating and promoting best practices among our global workforce in the areas of policy development, | |training, recruitment, mentoring, development, advancement and culture change. Furthermore, our Work/Life | |Effectiveness and career management programs enhance our ability to retain and develo p valuable team members and | |demonstrate our commitment to the Dell Team. | |Networking Groups | |Dell sponsors a community of networking groups formed by employees with common interests in areas such as | |ethnicity, gender, nationality, lifestyle, and sexual orientation.These groups offer Dell employees the | |opportunity to network with other employees from around the company, while providing encouragement and an | |enhanced sense of belonging through informal mentoring, professional and community events and access to personal | |and professional development and growth. Additionally, networking groups help foster a more inclusive work | |environment, improve communication among employees and enhance understanding of all employees about the value of | |diversity. | |Networking Groups currently chartered: | |BRIDGE – Building Relationships in Diverse Group Environments (African-American Networking Group) | |W. I. S. E. Women In Search of Excellence | |aDellante – Hispanic Networking Group | |PRIDE – Partnering for Respect of Individuality in the Dell Environment (A Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender & | |Straight Alliance) | |A. I. M. – Asians in Motion | | | |Work/Life Effectiveness | |At Dell, our people are our most valuable asset and we are committed to fostering a culture that exhibits this | |value. Our goal is to enable employees to maximize their contribution to the company while also maintaining | |effectiveness between their work and personal lives.We advocate flexibility in the workplace to empower | |employees, teams and managers to hold discussions about both the needs of the business and each employee's | |individual Work/Life Effectiveness goals, and then to construct a plan for fulfilling both priorities. As | |individual circumstances vary, solutions that enable flexibility can be different, including informal and formal | |flexible work arrangements such as variable daily work times, work-from-home, and par t-time work arrangements. | |Additionally, Dell offers corporate employee resources that enable employees to better manage their Work/Life | |situations, such as: | |Employee Assistance Program | |Dependent Care ReferralResources | |Mothers Rooms | |Staying Well at Dell Initiatives like â€Å"Weight Watchers at Work† | | | | | | | | | | | |Career Management Program | |Dell is committed to developing our workforce and helping employees achieve their personal and professional best. | |Through an intensive, six-month Career Management Program, we strive to develop, fully engage, and retain | |high-performing talent. Specifically, participants in the program spend 6-8 hours per month developing and | |strengthening network and mentoring relationships; engaging in new activities; and exploring new assignments or | |positions at Dell. Managers participate in a kickoff session and a mid-program discussion with the coach and | |participant, in addition to holding monthly career- related discussions with participants. | http://www. dell. com/content/topics/global. spx/corp/diversity/en/culture? c=us=en 3. Resources (Value chain): 1. Typical value chain |Raw materials | |Primary | |manufacturing | |Fabrication | |Distributor | |Retailer | In this case dell here saves a lot of cost compared to any other competitor in the market simply because dell acts as a distributor and retailer, leading to a huge reduction of cost. As it is dells signature to deliver their product right to your door as ordered over the internet. This is how it works in America but of course this does not occur here in Egypt. As here in Egypt it only seems enough to have the name dell in the market.This point has many other factors because here in Egypt the income level is lower than in the America so people here such as my self for example would rather want to customize his personal computer. Rather than buying a brand name. 2. Corporate Value chain [pic] Dell Company here in Egypt doesnâ €™t work as a full company, but only works in Egypt as a distributor only. The company works with agents and people have the possibility to buy through the internet as the company use its direct model to deliver customized products anywhere in the world. Dell Company has 2 of the primary activities here in Egypt they are marketing and sales, and services. Marketing and sales:I have seen with my own eyes that Dell Company does marketing activities to increase awareness and sales in booths in computer mall Also they provide discounts on their products to increase sales. Services There are for any dell products after sales services and repair possibilities incase anything could go wrong with a dell computer. IFAS |Internal Factor |INTERNAL STRENGTHS |WEIGHTS |RATINGS |WEIGHTED |Comment | |Evaluation Matrix | | | |SCORE | | |3 |Product Reliability |. 0 | 4 |. 8 |Important as product | | | | | | |reliability leads to good | | | | | | |reputation of dell | |4 |C. Relationship |. 10 | 2 |. 2 |Questionable | |7 |Leading tech |. 10 | 3 |. |Good ,but there are more | | | | | | |powerful technologies | |8 |Supply Chain |. 20 | 4 |. 8 |Excellent supply chain by | | | | | | |using dell direct model | |Internal weaknesses | | | | | | |1 |Little Product Diversification |. 20 | 4 |. |Focusing on laptop | | | | | | |manufacturing | |2 |No in house repair capability |. 10 | 3 |. 3 |Bad service | |3 |No Business Diversification |. 20 | 4 |. 8 |The company doesn't produce | | | | | | |anything rather than | | | | | | |electronics | |Total | | 1. 0 | |4 | | |6 | |5 |duration | |Opportunities (O) |O1. changes in life style |S1. strong brand name |W. 1 low variety of products | | |O2. technology innovation |S2. Huge capital investment |W. 2 low quality products | | |O3. Expand market share |S3. Affordable prices | | | |O4. New Market entrance |S4.High qualified employees | | |Treats (T) |T1. High competition | | | | |T2. finacail recession | | | | |T3. Market entrance (in Middle | | | | |East) | | | S1&O1 as dell has a very strong brand name dell can use its brand name in a way that affects changes in life style.For example entering a new product to compete with the I-pod. S1&O2 In the computer bossiness technological invention is created by the companied that do process the microchips such as Intel and AMD Dell just gives you the final product of the computer. Dell can use this to their advantage to collaborate with tease companies and create a technology that is only available to dell only. S1&T1 in the computer there is a lot of completion so dell can use their high qualified employees to compete with the other companies. W2&O4 one of the weaknesses of dell is their low quality products dell can use this to their advantage to enter new markets for example the African market. Porter’s model |Lower cost |Differentiation | |Broad target |Cost leadership |Differentiation | |Narrow target |Cost focus |Differentiation focus | It is believe that dell ha s more then 1 characteristic according to porter’s model dell has a lot of more products then Acer for example. Laptops, PCs, Monitors ext. While Acer only do laptops For this example dell is certainly in the differentiation for broad target row. While as in the case of Dell and Apple. Dell certainly has a cost leadership over Apple. I would also like to highlight something that in computers there is no cheap or expensive computers. It is all about the power you have in the computer. The more power you have the more expensive it would be. 6-Strategy Formulation 1.Corporate strategy Directional:- It seems that Dell Company is in the stability stage in its life cycle. Dell Company has achieved a lot in its years and is a very well know brand that is why you will find their brand name as strength in the TOWS Matrix. We also believe that the company uses 2 strategies in the stability bracket. It is always the case in the technology filed that if any company does something new a c ompetitor would at least do the same if not even better so in this case Dell is always on the look out for what their competitors do. The seconded strategy Dell uses is the profit strategy by cutting down any unnecessary expensive Portfolio:-Product line of dell 1. Laptops & Tablets 2. Personal computer &workstation 3. Speakers 4. Monitors 5. Monitors LCD 6. Keyboard 7. Mouse 8. Servers BCG Matrix | | | | | Relative Market Share | | | | | | | | | | |High 1. 0 | Medium . 50 | | | | | | | |Low 0. | | | | | | | | | |High +20 |Stars |Question Marks | | | | | |Speakers | | | | | | | | | | |Laptops & Tablets |Keyboard | | | | |Monitor LCD | | | | | | |Mouse | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Industry Sales | | | | | |Growth Rate | | | | | | | |Medium 0 |Cash Cows |Dogs | | | |Personal computers & workstations |Monitors | | | |Servers | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Low -20 | | | Laptops where chosen as stars simply because they have a large market share and a high growth rate. The same is also on the LCD monitors because every computer needs a monitor. The other types of monitors which are the old style are considered to be almost obsolete therefore the original monitors where put in the dogs sector.As for the personal computers because most of the people prefer laptops the demand for personal computers over the years has dropped tremendously. There are more for custom users because you can get more power from a personal computer then a laptop therefore you can say that personal computers have a high market share while the growth rate is dropping. Speaker, keyboards, mice are all considered to be an essential for any computer there froe they have a high growth but a low market share as they are not specialist in these products. 2. Cooperative strategies Strategic alliance: Dell and Perot Systems Announce Strategic Alliance To Provide Fully-Integrated Virtualized Healthcare Technology Solutions To Reduce Cost and Improve Patient Care: Ne w Solutions will Promote Electronic Health Records (EHR) Implementation Dell and Perot Systems today announced a strategic alliance where their combined delivery teams will provide fully-integrated global IT solutions that unite their best-in-class technology and services solutions to provide virtualized desktop, storage and server solutions for hospitals, health systems and physician practices – virtualized on premises or hosted either off-site or in secure, private clouds. Dell, a leading technology provider to commercial enterprises around the world, and Perot Systems, the leading healthcare technology solutions provider in the U. S. , are jointly introducing their first series of innovative solutions that bring desktop mobility and virtual storage and server scalability to the Healthcare Industry at the HIMSS Annual Event in Chicago, Ill.These solutions are designed to help improve patient care and to help healthcare organizations achieve the standard of â€Å"meaningful use† for EHRs established in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). TheNews: Mobile Clinical Computing †¢ Puts virtual technology in the hands of healthcare professionals at the point of care for improved clinical decision-making and efficiency †¢ Improves healthcare delivery with EHR implementation and usability †¢ Improves staff productivity by eliminating repeated, time consuming log-ins and improving application response time for remote users   †¢ Can reduce up-front capital expense and improve TCO Virtual Server Platform Simplifies the provisioning and scaling of health information systems, including servers and storage, by using standardized and virtualized public and private virtual computing environments †¢ Features structured technology assessment and consulting to optimize applications that will benefit most from virtualization   †¢ Addresses technology obsolescence issues by enabling dynamic compute workloads †¢ Ca n reduce up-front capital expense and improve TCO  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¢ Makes compute power a variable expense by aligning technology to business needs Virtual EHR Solutions †¢ Dell and Perot Systems will create hosted and secure private cloud-based EHR  alternatives to dedicated, on-premise EHR solutions †¢ Makes EHR adoption easier by eliminating the need to purchase, deploy and maintain hardware and software onsite †¢ Reduces up-front capital requirements and accelerates time to positive ROI †¢ Reduces burden of systems management for IT staff †¢ Simplifies the challenge of achieving â€Å"meaningful use† as defined in the ARRA Virtual Medical Archiving Solution Simplifies data management by storing patient records, images and other information in a virtual or secure private cloud environment †¢ Reduces capital outlay and total cost of ownership with world-class advisory and consulting services  Ã‚   †¢ Addresses myriad of healthcare ar chiving needs and budgets †¢ Scales as archiving requirements change †¢ Aligns cost and data availability to the regulatory requirements of various types of data produced in healthcare What this means for customers: †¢ Healthcare today is more sophisticated, with more cost pressures and operational complexity than ever before. Healthcare providers need secure access to reliable, real-time and easy-to-use information technology that enables them to obtain and manage treatment information, patient histories and other clinical resources to improve productivity and patient care while reducing costs. These new Dell and Perot Systems virtualized solutions will address these needs while simplifying and reducing the cost of EHR adoption so that healthcare providers can more easily achieve â€Å"meaningful use† for EHR Medicare and Medicaid incentive payments under the   American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). Quotes: Dr. James Coffin, vice president an d general manager, Dell Healthcare and Life Sciences:    â€Å"The role technology plays in shaping the future of healthcare around the globe has never been as important as it is today with medical professionals and government leaders looking for ways to improve the quality of healthcare and reduce its cost to citizens, employers and government.Our partnership with Perot Systems is focused on developing new solutions and delivering them in new ways to improve delivery of healthcare and patient outcomes. † Chuck Lyles, president of Perot Systems healthcare group: â€Å"In the current environment, clients are seeking solutions which improve services while reducing expenses. With the combined capabilities of Dell and Perot systems, these virtual solutions will increase user satisfaction and ease administration effort while reducing cost and preserving capital. † About Dell Dell listens to customers and delivers innovative technology and services they trust and value. De ll serves those who serve with next generation infrastructure for healthcare. About Perot SystemsPerot Systems is a worldwide provider of information technology services and business solutions. Through its flexible and collaborative approach, Perot Systems integrates expertise from across the company to deliver custom solutions that enable clients to accelerate growth, streamline operations and create new levels of customer value. Headquartered in Plano, Texas, Perot Systems reported 2008 revenue of $2. 8 billion. The company has more than 23,000 associates located in the Americas, Europe, Middle East and Asia Pacific. Additional information on Perot Systems is available at http://www. perotsystems. com/. http://content. dell. com/us/en/corp/d/press-releases/DellandPerotSystemsStrategicAlliance. aspx 3. Functional: Manufacturing and Operations at Dell | | | | | |Dell is committed to fully integrating environmental performance into overall business and operational management. Dell | |manufacturing and operations facilities around the globe maintain a strong focus on minimizing impact on the environment| |while providing a safe workplace environment for our employees. | |Dell's direct business model yields strong production inventory and capital investment efficiencies that translate into | |tangible benefits for the environment.Because all products are made to order, Dell currently maintains only three days | |of inventory for most parts and equipment, which keeps the environmental impact of warehousing to a minimum. Components | |and parts are only ordered and shipped to Dell when they are ready to be assembled into the final computer product, | |thereby saving energy and operational costs associated with storing inventory. | |Keeping our employees healthy and well is a high priority, and Dell is committed to providing a safe workplace for our | |employees. Dell's occupational health, safety, and wellness programs are designed to meet our employees' needs, | |motivating them to stay healthy and safe as they go about their daily activities both at work and at home.The | |Environmental, Health, and Safety team works closely with manufacturing, facilities, design, and process engineers, with| |a goal to continually improve the safety of our operations. | http://www1. euro. dell. com/content/topics/global. aspx/corp/environment/en/mfg_ops_main? c=ma=ar | Human resources : | |The Human Resources department has long been the Rodney Dangerfield of the enterprise. â€Å"I can’t get no respect! † the comedian | |complained to anyone who’d listen. And so it goes with HR in the enterprise. | |There are lots of reasons for this.For some of rank-and-file employees, HR embodies the pettiness of corporate life and a slavish | |devotion to inane rules and outmoded processes. Others see it in a more sinister light: the CFO’s enforcer that slashes jobs and | |benefits, all in service of the bottom line. | |Just three years ag o, a business magazine published an article  Ã¢â‚¬â€ â€Å"Why We Hate HR† — that portrayed HR executives as mindless | |bureaucrats. â€Å"I’m the cork in the bottom of the boat,† complained one HR director on a popular Web forum. â€Å"We get no respect until we | |save them from themselves and some of the bad choices they make when our back is turned,† said another. |Fortunately, at least at forward-thinking companies, that stereotype is as out of date as the secretarial pool on â€Å"Mad Men. † Many of | |today’s HR leaders are now accepted among the upper ranks of corporate leadership and act as trusted advisers to their CEOs. | |And increasingly, these HR leaders are turning to their enterprise IT colleagues to pry open the boardroom door and get the respect | |they deserve. A new generation of HR management tools makes it easier to find new talent, enable existing employees, and track trends | |that have an impact far beyond the HR department’s traditional boundaries. | |Of course, any competent HR executive uses the Internet to recruit and select employees.

Discuss Poe’s use of Setting Essay

In this essay I’ll looking at the stories â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Black Cat†. I will discuss in detail Edgar Allen Poe’s use of setting in these three stories. Edgar Allen Poe in a very well known and well respected writer and so gives a lot of attention to detail in his stories and chooses the chooses the setting for them perfectly and explains them with great detail. The story â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is set at midnight to give it a sense of mystery and horror. The story â€Å"The Cast of Amontillado† is set in the evening and the last story that I’m studying â€Å"The Black Cat† is the longer of the three and so there’s many different setting. These settings include when the main character returns home one night much intoxicated on alcohol or when the main character sits in a â€Å"den of infamy†. Poe uses setting in his stories in very diverse ways, to develop themes, express a state of mind and to create horror. He uses different types of setting for example physical setting and location, setting of time and setting of the psychological mind of the narrator. These three types of setting work together to produce elements of the genre of gothic literature and also to reflect incidents and influences of Poe’s life. . In a way Poe’s real life reflects the lives of the characters in his stories for example he was a heavy drinker, his marriage was troubled and there were rumours that he died from rabies. Poe uses unnatural sounds in his stories to create tension and fear. Some of the sounds he creates are like when he says â€Å"dripping walls† or â€Å"drops of moisture†. Poe also uses ordinary places to create fear such as the catacombs, vault or under the floorboards. In all 3 Poe stories the victims face burial, the places of burial differ in all 3. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† the narrator bury the old man under the floorboards. In â€Å"The Black Cat† the wife’s buried in the walls as in the â€Å"Cask of Amontillado†. The immolation in these spaces represents coffins it’s also noticeable that stairs are present in all 3 stories which is like a symbol to a stairway to hell or the underworld. The burials are also symbolic to how the narrator is trying to bury his guilt. Poe’s use of language encourages links with superstition and evil. In â€Å"The Black Cat† the narrator elaborates how his crimes are truly evil. â€Å"†¦I knew that in so doing I was committing a deadly sin that would so jeopardise my immortal soul as to place it †¦ even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the most merciful and most terrible God†. The narrator tells each story in first person, allowing the reader to access the mind of the evildoer. The result of this is that you can see inside the mind of the protagonist. The reason that he does this is because it makes you feel like you’re an accomplice to the murder and also you see the main character in â€Å"The Black Cat† slowly degenerate into a state of madness. The use of first person also encourages the reader to feel horror and revolution to the protagonists. I think that all three of the stories discussed in this essay have links with superstition and the devil. The use of Poe’s language reinforces the idea of the presence of evil and to suggest that some force is controlling the narrator (also this takes the blame from him). The protagonists all take the law into their own hands which goes against Christian teachings. Some of the language he uses in these stories to show the presence of evil are â€Å"Fury of a demon†, â€Å"odious pestilence†, â€Å"Terror†, â€Å"Dreadful† and â€Å"Violently†. The title of the story â€Å"The black Cat† is related to witches. People believe that someone who posses the evil eye can cause bad happenings and illness, eyes painted on Mediterranean boats reflect this. The evil eye goes against the idea of eyes and vision and is directly mentioned in â€Å"The Tell Tale Eye† and blamed for the actions of the murder. He describes the man of having the eye of a vulture and he describes it as being a pale blue eye with a film over it. The idea of retribution differs in the three stories as in two of the stories, the protagonists are arrested. However in the other story the narrator gets away with his crime. He is smug when he buries Fortunado and parts with the comment â€Å"In Pace reguisciat† which means ‘Rest in Peace’. Although he said Rest in Peace he himself will not because he will be judged by God and face hell. Poe uses setting effectively to create tension and horror in his stories. He makes obvious uses of the gothic genre to bring the feeling of fear alive.

Renaissance Choir Finance Management System

I will be making a system for the accounts of Renaissance Choir. Renaissance Choir are based in Emsworth and have 29 members. They sing at many events throughout the year and sometimes in Chichester Cathedral. They meet weekly. Statement of Problem Renaissance Choir require a system to manage their finances. It must be flexible and easy to use, so that anyone could come along and use it, without previous knowledge. Schedule of Activities Section Weeks Specification 1.5 Implementation 3 Testing 1.5 Evaluation 1 User Documentation 1 Total 8 Background The current system is based on two books containing input and output for the choir. All entries are written into the book by hand, and the books have to be carried to meetings when necessary and this is not very convenient, and rather slow. A computerised system would be more efficient. The system needs to deal with petty cash, as a constant amount is usually kept as a float or for occasions where cash is required and not a cheque or other method of payment. Overview As the system needs to contain columns of data, a spreadsheet would be most appropriate. I would use Excel, as I am well acquainted with it and it has many useful features that I can use to my advantage. My system would be composed of several sheets- a main sheet with buttons to move between sheets, then other sheets for data entry, listing the entries and making graphs and pivot table reports. Each sheet would have a button to link back to the main menu, and to other relevant sheets. For instance the data entry screen would have a button to submit the data into the spreadsheet, which would activate a macro and move the data. It would also have a button to move to the data-listing screen, which would have a button to link back. The graph page would have a button that would create a graph, and another to clear it. The exit button on the main screen may also clear the graph as well as exiting. Interview and Research Summary I gave a questionnaire to my end user, who filled it in. This has given me much background and other useful information, that can be used to help produce the system. Volume of Data The system will be updated on a weekly basis, so it must be relatively easy to add, delete and change records, as it will be used so frequently. However, cheques need to be paid in at random intervals, and the system will need to recalculate totals and other formulae after each of these events. It must also be able to cope with petty cash, which can fluctuate. Problems with the Current System Problems with the current system are its inability to transfer data easily between the two books and the balance sheet, the fact that it is slow and rather inefficient, due to having two heavy books to carry around. Hardware Full Potential To get good performance from the system, the requirements would be: 200 MHz processor speed 16 MB Ram 16 Bit colour graphics or better Software Full Potential The features of Excel that I will use to create the system are: macros, buttons and controls, formulae, charts, pivot table reports, visual basic, linked workbooks and Input and Output The user will enter data every week. The volume of data entered will depend upon how many events were held in that month, as each event will probably have inputs to the system in income and expenditure. At the end of each month and at the end of the year, the data will be summarised and the summary probably printed. Also, the system will process the lists of data to produce sub-totals and totals over different time spans. User Skill Level My end user is pretty skilled with computers, as she uses them in her work frequently. Therefore the system will not have to explain basic computer functions or other very basic ideas in the user guide, and the technical guide can be pretty complicated. Software Use I will produce the system, but on the main page I will hide the gridlines. I may do this on other pages as well, so that unnecessary gridlines are not shown- if I want gridlines to be shown, then borders can be put around required cells where tables are required. Also, anything that shouldn't be altered (e.g. integral system parts) will be protected to prevent alteration. There will be macros to do things like moving between sheets and adding records. Objectives to Perform My end user wants the system to be able to: * Hold both income and expenditure in one place * Cope with petty cash that is used for floats at events and other purposes * Be able to transfer data between sections easily * Produce graphs and charts of the data * Produce summaries of the data Performance Indicators * Must be able to open relatively quickly, even on lower spec machines * Must be able to contain a large volume of data while still retaining a file size below 100 kilobytes * It must be relatively easy and quick to enter data or perform other operations * It must be relatively difficult to make mistakes while entering data (using drop-down lists, buttons, macros etc) * It must be easy to get to specific sections * It must be foolproof- e.g. impossible to alter critical system aspects * It must be possible to alter the structure of the database when necessary

Bringing Home Global Rules Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bringing Home Global Rules - Term Paper Example As fundamental human rights and freedoms are inherent in all humankind and find expression in constitutions and legal systems throughout the world and in the international human rights instruments (Kirby, 2005), invoking international human rights law in domestic courts, therefore, merits special consideration. As Kirby write, "In most countries whose legal systems are based upon the common law, international conventions are not directly enforceable in national courts unless their provisions have been incorporated by legislation into domestic law. However, there is a growing tendency for national courts to have regard to these international norms for the purpose of deciding cases where the domestic law - whether constitutional, statute or common law - is uncertain or incomplete. While it is desirable for the norms contained in the international human rights instruments to be still more widely recognized and applied by national courts, this process must take fully into account local l aws, traditions, circumstances, and needs." There are many impediments for direct application of international human rights law, factors like state sovereignty, the dualist view on the relationship between international law and municipal law and implementing legislation. However, there has been an interesting development where jurist and human right activists are identifying themselves with a unified international community (Barak-Erez, 2004). This trans-judicial communication is seen not only in the application of international norms but also in the recourse to comparative law, particularly in the area of constitutional law.  When a treaty is ratified, although it becomes binding on Australia in international law, it does not become part of the law of Australia unless it has been given the force of law by statute (Gibbs). Except in the case of a treaty of peace, which obviously can affect the rights of enemy aliens, a treaty not incorporated by statute does not affect the rights or liabilities of Australian citizens. Although the principle has been consistently stated by courts of the highest authority, it is subject to some important qualifications. One of them was introduced by the decision of the High Court in Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v. Teoh. Ah, Hin Teoh was a Malaysian citizen living in Australia under a temporary entry permit. He was convicted of drug offenses and sentenced to six years imprisonment. His permanent entry permit was refused and it was ordered that he be deported. However, the fact that his children lived in Australia gave the case an interesting twist. The Court (McHugh J dissenting), considering the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, declared it the best interests of the children would be a primary consideration. Teoh's Case has been an example for many Federal Court deportation cases. Incidentally, it is the sole example of the pervasive effects of international law on national law. The A ustralian Constitution neither mentions international law nor the role such norms should play in the interpretive process (Williams and Hovell, 2005). While earlier drafts of the Constitution incorporated greater reference to the relationship between international treaties and the domestic legal system, these were removed from the version that was enacted.  

Management and Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and Information Systems - Essay Example And when the management team and the employees work together, they will be aided by various tools, including technological tools Through out the 20th century, many technological products including Information Technology products were developed around the world, which had and is still having applications in all spheres of human lives. Out of the many technological products developed, a good number are being used in organisations, particularly Information Technology products. That is, organisation of today have used or integrated technology in every aspect of their functioning. From opening a simple door to carrying out advanced operations, technology has become an omnipresent entity in organisations, with their entire operations hinging on the support provided by technology, particularly Information Technology. The employees working in organisation will use the technological tools in various ways to complete their works effectively, easily and quickly. But, at the same time, the same employees could use the technological tools, specifically Information Technology products negatively to gain undue advantages or profits for themselves, and thereby cause damages to the organizations. This could happen when the employees’ thought process due to the certain negative situations and intentions, starts functioning in the negative direction. Negative direction in the sense, the employees instead of positively contributing his/hers skills, knowledge and experience to the organization, will try to damage their employers in all aspects using Information Technology. The employees could wreck the organisations in which they are working, by using Information Technology in both ways, that is, they could alter or break down the Information Technology products found and functioning in the organisatio ns, and also they could bring in or use other external Information Technology products from outside to disable the technologies used in the organisation. Apart

International perspectives Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

International perspectives - Dissertation Example Some of the important models of inclusion education are described below (Anon., n.d.). Models of Inclusion Some of the important models of inclusion education are described below. The Teaming Model for Inclusion Education emphasises team work and has in place a special education teacher for every grade level team of teachers. This specialist teacher provides information, instruction strategies, revision ideas for tests and assignments, and strategies to promote acceptable behaviour in the class (Anon., n.d.). In the Co – Teaching Model for Inclusion Education, the special and general education teachers work together and teach the students by turns. This enables the learning experience to become important and tangible. This model prepares teachers, by means of student assessment, discipline, and instruction planning and delivery (Anon., n.d.). There are several obstacles to Inclusive Education; such as, negative attitudes, invisibility in the community and in school, cost, phys ical access to classrooms and facilities in the school, size of classes, impoverishment, discrimination on the basis of gender, and emergency and refugee situations (Anon., 2002). In the Adaptive Learning Environment Model (ALEM), special education students are integrated into the classroom. This model was propounded by Wang and is quite complicated. The objective of this model is to produce school learning environments that permit every student to acquire fundamental academic competency and enhance their confidence to address the intellectual and social requirements of school (Lazarus, 2010). In addition, this model is a blend of the following features. First, an exploratory learning component that includes an array of learning activities that are expected to enhance the capacity of the school to address the learning needs at the individual level. Second, a prescriptive learning component of hierarchically organised, highly structured learning activities (Leiding, 2009). Moreover, the ALEM model is characterised by instruction that is planned for the individual students. The pace of learning is adapted to the needs and capacities of the students. Classrooms in this model permit free movement and simultaneous activities. The learning content is sub – divided into small portions, in order to accommodate students with special needs. The students of this model have to plan and supervise their individual learning. In addition, they are made accountable for managing and completing their learning tasks in a timely manner (Lazarus, 2010). In general, inclusive education consists of isolating and discarding actual and latent sources of exclusion. This includes attaching importance to the opinion of stakeholders in the school community. It includes a philosophy of acceptance that respects and values all. The process of inclusion does not admit of culmination and it can be developed to gradually increasing degrees. Inclusion is the outcome of longstanding educati onal innovation and denotes improvement of schools at several levels for students (Gillies & Carrington, 2004). Inclusive education has to be viewed within the context of the policy relating to education. Undoubtedly, the UK Government adopts a qualified approach to inclusion, and this was disclosed by the Green Paper on Excellence for all Children (Department for Education and Employment, 1997).

Popular Culture Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Popular Culture Projects - Essay Example Often it is found that the new innovation faced stiff resistance from what already was there, which can be named as traditional culture. But when the new culture infiltrates into the deeper layer of the society through various means it become the mass culture. It breaks all the societal taboos and mores framed earlier. One can say it is a cultural invasion. The whole world is witnessing now such a cultural invasion in the name of popular culture of the nineteenth and twentieth century. So many theories corroborate to the evolution of this popular culture which has deep impact on the every facet of human life. The new innovations due to large scale industrialization add to so called pop culture. Every moment the tradition in the society faces a competition with the modernity. But it is the people who decide what to prevail. Gone are those days when a few intellectual mass monopolized the culture and imposed that on the society to act accordingly. In this pop culture era elitist view o f the society take a backseat seeing the political culture changing its shape. Popular culture has been defined differently by different scholars. Raymond William(1983, p.237) argues that "the word 'popular' has at least four current meanings. First it can simply refer to those objects and practices that are well liked by a lot of people or it can refer to objects and practices deemed inferior and unworthy the term can also refer to work deliberately setting out to win favor with the people. Finally the term can refer to the objects and practices actually made by the people for themselves (cited by Harrington & Bielby, p.2) Alan Swingewood (1977, p.5-8) points out that the aristocratic theory of mass society is to be linked to the moral crisis caused by the weakening of traditional centers of authority such as family and religion. He also points out there is no question of domination here anymore. This view establishes the fact that popular culture has become the need of the people now (cited in Wikipedia, 2006) In modern urban mass society several factors contributed towards the evolution of popular culture such as 1. The development of industrial mass production, 2.the introduction of new technologies of sound and image broadcasting and recording, 3. the growth of mass production industries such as film, broadcast radio, television, book publishing industries as well as print and electronic news media (Wikipedia, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.phptitle=Popular_culture&oldid=72053444) The distinction between the highbrow and lowbrow culture became very faint with the advent of this popular culture. "Soon the term 'middlebrow' was introduced to qualify this phenomenon and to dismiss it as threatening the authenticity of both high and popular culture"(Wikipedia, 2006) With the pop music, video, adventure sports, evolve some persons who make some lasting and indelible impressions in the minds of public and are termed as celebrities. According to David Marshall, Canadian media theorists and author of the book Clebrity and Power , celebrities were an invention that heralded the democratic ear of fame business. The term celebrity has its roots in latin word

Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Marketing Plan - Assignment Example organization in terms of generating value to the customers along with ensuring proper communication and delivery of the products and/or services to manage a feasible relationship with the clients in ways that offer profit assistance for both the organization and its stakeholders (McLeish 10-18). Human Behavior Academy (HBA) Ltd is a voluntary organization that seeks to provide education with regard to developing the human value, knowledge and attitudes. The organization intends to deal with attitude and behavior that intersects with the business, psychology, communication, social work along with other crucial aspects of all businesses and industries in the present scenario. Moreover, HBA aims to develop professionalism creating values and morals of the working individuals. With respect to the organizational structure of HBA, the organization deals with book publication, chartered programs along with providing chartered, attitude and behavior consulting facilities for the professionals in order to build a healthy community at the individual level within the fiercely competitive business world. With due consideration to the organization’s mission and vision statements, HBA can be identified to follow a holistic approach to identify the measures of attitude and behavior in order to shape the prime objectives of the organization. The organization in this regard possesses a belief that in the current phenomenon, it is becoming increasingly crucial to analyze the behavior and the attitudes deciphered by other community members in order to secure their survival. Based on this philosophy, the organizations’ mission statement has been significantly focused on the importance of awareness of human attitude and behavior which can be considered as the major influential aspects of mental health. Furthermore, the organizational mission has been envisioned with the concept of maintaining a balanced and healthy community by means of educating people regarding their and their

Exercise Chapter 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exercise Chapter 4 - Assignment Example Aligning IT with a project is necessary is essential to improve administration and service delivery. Good administration improves accountability, risk-return balance and cost structures (Guglielmo, 2009). It integrates all aspects of project management from plan execution to monitoring the success of all components of the project. Managing project work is an intricate process that involves coordination of efforts from different levels of an organization. It demands exemplary integration of project management principles and techniques. The management of two projects, Adelaide Desalination Project Adelaide, Australia SA Water Corporation, and Prairie Waters Project, Aurora, Colorado, USA, commendably directed and managed their project work. The projects received recognition in the â€Å"PMI Project of the Year award† in the year 2013 and 2011 respectively. The Adelaide Desalination Project, which the South Australian and Australian governments, AdelaideAqua, and the Kaurna community undertook, was a project completed by South Australian Water Corporation (Kumar and Farinola, 2012). Communication was the overall consideration by the organization because it involved the coordinated efforts of separate authorities, (AdelaideAqua, a consortium of McConnell Dowell Constructors, Abigroup Contractors, Acciona A gua and Trilit), and community leaders. Agility and risk management were also two considerations that ensured success of the project. The team maintained an aggressive schedule through creating inspection processes and strict risk-assessment (Kelly, 2013). Separately, Prairie Waters Project, Aurora, Colorado, USA, was completed two months before its proposed date of completion because of exemplary project management skills (Learnard and Kelly, 2011). The project managers attribute the success of the project, which was also below budget, to trimming unnecessary features from the plant and excellent planning (Illescas,

Comparative analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative analysis - Essay Example Thesis statement: The analysis and comparison of Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast in Australia proves that these beaches comprise of a number of similarities and dissimilarities in history, importance, geographical setting, tourism, economy, and infrastructure development. Usually, comparative analysis consists of comparing and contrasting two themes, topics or theories. Here, the comparative analysis is based upon two tourist areas, Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast in Australia. Before comparing the foretold topic, it is important to analyze the history and importance of the same. The history of Gold Coast is deeply rooted among the aborigines of Australia. For instance, the aborigines called the foretold area as ‘Kurrungul’, the place from where they used to collect hardwood for their traditional weapons. The local tribes used to camp near Gold Coast because of the abundance of fresh water supply. The geographical exploration undertaken by Captain Cook in 1770 helped the outer world to know more about this area. Later, in 1840, Dixon (surveyor) authorized by the government renamed the Gold Coast and its surrounding areas. But another surveyor, General Sir Thomas Mitchell helped to regain the older names like Currumbin Creek, Kurrawa etc. Later, the foretold areas underwent rapid change and were transformed to farms and fields. For instance, the foretold areas became the core of industrialization. But in 1933, Gold Coast was renamed as Surfers Paradise. This helped Gold Coast to be an important tourist hot spot in Australia. The development in 1950s attracted a number of entrepreneurs to this area. Gradually, this area became a holiday spot for entertainment. Now, Gold Coast is one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in Australia. As pointed out earlier, Gold Coast acts the role of an important tourist destination in Australia. The Gold Coast map (see

Holiday inn report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Holiday inn report - Essay Example There after Holiday Inn was found to cater to those needs. It offered the service standards such as air conditioning and ice makers at affordable room rates. These features made the hotels popular they started gaining recognition (Luckerson, 2012). His idea was to create a standardized hotel chain and offer it to other business persons for franchisee. The idea took off because of the evolution of highways and the increasing amount of travelers who were looking for a reliable brand with decent quality at an affordable price. Thus Holiday Inn follows the business the three legged Stool Business Model. Where the three aspects namely, people, process and tools are all important for the business to survive and each of the aspects are given equal importance. There are mainly two types of guests or customers in this scenario. The first are the corporate customers who travel frequently because of their business trips and the second type are the leisure customers who are mainly looking to spend some relaxing time away from work and home. Corporate clients are representatives that utilize the inn for gathering, business meetings and staying overnight. The holiday inn have had 50 years of gathering and meeting knowledge, they have an advantageous reputation for giving elevated expectations of service, whilst offering incredible worth for cash. The holiday inn gives space to any business occasion, if it being instructional classes, a significant meeting or may be a product launch. The clients expect a no fuss service as their principle goal is to work together. In the holiday inn 95% of the clients are corporate clients, they are there throughout the week meeting other individuals to examine business. Corporate clients may hold their Christmas and Easter parties in the lodging, so they need accessible rooms at those times. The holiday inn meets these necessities by verifying it gives the above. They likewise

MBA Corporate Governance And Responsibility Essay Example for Free

MBA Corporate Governance And Responsibility Essay Why did it take 10 years to bring Harshad Mehta to justice? What weaknesses in the financial markets allowed such abuse to succeed? Harshad Mehta’s scam was one which involved huge magnitudes, which is why it probably came into light in the first place.[1] Scams of smaller magnitude are happening almost everyday at the Bombay Stock Exchange but not coming to light. There are many reasons for this. Some of the major reasons are briefly discussed below. The Indian businesses have traditionally being family owned. Owing to concentration of money in a few hands, most people have concentrated on survival and security due to which the risking loving entrepreneurial skill has not developed much. Being family owned businesses, a lot of insider and sensitive information is often available to the owners and their relatives even though the company is technically a separate legal entity. Given this insider information and the relatively weak legal machinery, it is easy for the insiders to manipulate prices of stocks by large buying or selling. The reason outlined above also gives rise to the herd mentality i.e. if bulk activity is seen on a stock on a particular day in a particular reaction; people seem to trust it quickly believing that some one with insider and reliable information is acting upon it. This is what helped Harshad Mehta in pulling off the scam. Further, there are hardly any checks and balances on the end use of loans given by banks and other financial institutions. They seem to be satisfied by the reputation of the borrower and once they are convinced that he can return the money, the end use of the same whether for speculation or any other activity is hardly looked into. It took as long as ten years to bring Harshad Mehta to justice due to the combination of many systemic failures and procedural lacuna. Firstly, it is difficult to pin point in such a huge market as to where the first default or breach of law took place. Further, there are many procedural approvals that must be taken before the regulator can take any concrete action. The country’s civil procedure process is quite slow too, with many appeals available before an offender is finally convicted. Therefore, even high profile cases such as these often take several years before finally being disposed off. How can ethics in the boardroom be monitored and controlled? Ethics, in the first place, is a rather complicated and complex issue. There is no straightjacket formula as different situations would demand different measures. In the boardroom, where money is at stake, and everyone has their own business to mind, it is probably even more difficult. This has been a subject of considerable debate, and there are certain measures which companies should generally apply, with specific variations in accordance with the particular situation at hand. Some of these general principles are briefly discussed below.[2]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, there has to be strict avoidance of concentration of important powers and functions in a few hands. As can be seen from the Maxwell Affair of 1991, too many responsibilities in different areas of management are likely to be fatal to the company. Further, the delegation of power must not be absolute. Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. There should be checks and balances right upto the top level. At the top most level, where it is difficult to have checks and balances in a vertical hierarchy, the same should be had using a horizontal structure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong ethical base and principles must come in from the top and trickle down to the bottom. It is important that these principles are insisted upon, no matter how bad a situation a company is in. They should be introduced as non-negotiable to every new employee who joins, so that when he climbs the ranks in the corporate ladder, he is equally insistent about such principles. Gradually, a strong ethical culture is built. Is there a discernible difference between Enron’s fraud and Madoff’s appeal to elite investors? There is quite a discernible difference between Enron’s fraud and Madoff’s appeal to elite investors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enron’s fraud was a clear case of lack of watchful auditing and poor accounting practices. The profits were terribly overstated and the accounts were shown to pose a rosy picture of the state of affairs of the company. The true state of affairs was not revealed to the shareholders and other stakeholders in the company. The auditors were cleverly deceived, and they too didn’t do any follow up action.[3]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Madoff’s case is a much more complex one than Enron. Madoff’s case has largely been seen as one which could never be expected, and therefore no laws are in place to remedy such a situation. Unlike Enron’s case, which can be foreseen, Madoff’s case was completely unique and innovative. Enron’s case has been foreseen by the law makers, due to which many laws are in place to keep in check of the same. Firstly, there are accounting standards and conventions which must be adhered to by all companies. Second, all companies are statutorily required to get their accounts audited so as to doubly ensure that they reflect a true and fair view of the affairs of the company. Although it has been said in a landmark decision, that an auditor is a watchdog and not a bloodhound, it can be said that the auditors failed to do an upto-the mark job in Enron and hence the scandal.[4]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, in complete contrast, Madoff’s case is so unexpected that there are no laws which effectively deal with such a situation. He used his reputation of being an expert at the Wall Street and a continued promise to offer secured and steady returns to swindle many high net worth individuals of millions of dollars. Such an exercise of personal confidence is difficult for the law to stop. Now, in retrospect, of course there are laws which mandate certain disclosures in case of any broker or person dealing on another’s behalf in the stock market. Further, there are investor awareness and know-your-rights campaigns by the regulator.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, another importance difference between the two scandals which essentially flows from the main difference is the solutions that they demand are very different from each other. What steps would you take as an independent director on the board of a company where you had reason to believe that fraudulent or unethical activities were being carried out by the high-profile company leader? First of all, being an independent director, there is a great amount of responsibility on my shoulder to ensure that such policies are pushed for, which make it near to impossible for fraudulent or unethical activities to be carried out by any individual in the company. However, if this was to happen, there would be a series of measures I would attempt to take. Firstly, it would be important to get the whole Board of Directors, or as far as it may be practicable, into confidence so as to ensure that the top level management is not divided on such an important issue. Once this is done, it is important to have an internal conference with the suspected offender about his objectionable activities. It is important at this stage to consider all possible solutions to the problem, as open action against such a person should be the last resort, given that such information is particularly sensitive, and it would adversely affect the reputation of the company, if it were to get leaked. Therefore, it is also important that only so many people are made aware of such a situation as are required. It is essential that the matter not be lingered, and damage control be the top most priority.   Again, every possible option should be explored including plea bargaining and settlement through mediation or negotiation.[5] The suspected offender should also be taken into confidence that full disclosure would be in his best interests too. No threat or action should be immediately taken against him, as then he might attempt to conceal the substance of the matter, which would be eventually then take a long time to be fathomed. Any severe action contemplated should be taken only once the issue has been fully resolved. Finally, once the issue has been resolved, there should be a fall back to see why such an event happened, and what can the company do in future to prevent it. The offender should not be let off lightly, as this may go on to set a bad example. At the same time, the best interests of the company in the long run must be kept in mind. REFERENCES Anonymous, â€Å"Harshad Mehta: A Scandal to Remember† f. www.casestudy.co.in (Last Visited 25 July, 2010). Anonymous, â€Å"Key Biscayne Connection in Madoff Scandal†, Key Biscayne Times, 23 July, 2010. Cathy Thomas, â€Å"Behind the Enron Scandal†, TIME Magazine, June 2002. Kevin MacDonald, â€Å"Is the Madoff Scandal Problematic?†, Occidental Quarterly Online, July 2010. Stephanie Maier, â€Å"How global is good corporate governance?†, EIRIS Report, Aug 2005. [1] Anonymous, â€Å"Harshad Mehta: A Scandal to Remember† c.f. www.casestudy.co.in (Last Visited 25 July, 2010). [2] Stephanie Maier, â€Å"How global is good corporate governance?†, EIRIS Report, Aug 2005. [3] Cathy Thomas, â€Å"Behind the Enron Scandal†, TIME Magazine, June 2002. [4] Kevin MacDonald, â€Å"Is the Madoff Scandal Problematic?†, Occidental Quarterly Online, July 2010. [5] Anonymous, â€Å"Key Biscayne Connection in Madoff Scandal†, Key Biscayne Times, 23 July, 2010.

Nokia Strategic Plan

Nokia Strategic Plan In this project I have covered various topics of marketing which are strategic planning, strategic planning process, the domestic strategic planning while the international strategic planning and also the difference among them. For more clearly understanding this topic I have also briefly discussed the case study of NOKIA. I have deeply studied Nokias strategic planning in India that is what all measures it took to grow and capture the Indian market. For understanding its international strategic planning and the reason for its success by properly implementing its strategic planning globally. Even the PEST, porters five stage model and SWOT of the company also made the concept and analysis more clear. Table of contents (jump to) 1.Introduction: Definition of strategic planning Definition Strategic Planning Process International/global strategy Difference between domestic and global strategy planning 2. Nokia Case Study Domestic strategy 4 Ps Marketing Mix of Nokia Porters 5 Forces Analysis of Nokia SWOT Analysis of Nokia 3. Conclusion 4. Recommendation 5. References Introduction Definition of Strategic Planning: Strategic planning is the process by which it maintain its competitiveness within its work environment by determining where the organization is and where it want to go, and how it wish to get there. In other words examining what all strategies will enable the corporate or association to prosper in the future. This definition applies to the largest profit oriented as well as to the nonprofit organization. Definition Strategic Planning Process: The strategic planning process is a rational approach firms use to achieve strategic competitiveness and earn above- average returns. Thus it is an essential most and foremost step in development of result based accountability system which is defined as the process of addressing the following questions: Where are we? What do we have to work with? Where do we want to be? How do we get there? These are the various steps involved in the strategic planning which has to be achieved or ensured one by one. The first step is to answer where are we? Thats where the company or the organization going to survey or conduct its activity. Then the next step is making themselves clear about on what they have to work thats their product or services. Then future knowing what is their future goal, where they want to reach and lastly planning that how they will achieve their goals. The Strategic Planning Process Mission and Objectives: Mission and objective of the business describes about the companies values and beliefs. They show what is the goal of the business for which it is working. The objective can also be in financial term as well. Environmental Scan: This includes the internal analysis of the firm itself which is done by SWOT analysis of the firm. While the second is analysis of the firms industry which is done by porters five forces model and third is microenvironment analysis which is done through PEST analysis. Strategy formulation: From the above scan the firm will get to know where it stands among the other firm. And then accordingly they have to make their strength into opportunity and also reduce their weakness and threat which can give them competitive advantage. This competitive advantage can be in form of low cost as well as differentiation. Strategy implementation: As and now the strategy is been prepared for the firm, so now its time to implement it. As and when it is implemented then only company can know how much successful is the strategy for the firm. Evaluation and control: The implementation of strategy must be monitored and tested and whatever necessary changes required should be made. Thus this process is done in following steps: Define the parameters that is to be measured Define target values for those parameters Then the performance measurement Compare the results from the targeted result Make necessary changes required in it. International/global strategy: An international strategy is a strategy through which the firm sells its goods and services outside its domestic market. The steps in international strategy are: Identify international opportunities Explore resources and capabilities Use core competences Strategic competitiveness outcome. The international strategy has two basic types: business level, corporate level international strategy. There are three corporate level strategies which are -multidomestic, global and transnational. Global strategy: is the strategy which assumes more standardization of product across country market. Thus global strategy is centralized and controlled by the home office. Difference between domestic and global strategy planning: Domestic strategy is basically defined when the company is been formed while the global strategy is defined when the company enters into the new market. Domestic strategy are the goal or the vision mission through which the company was been formed. While the global strategy are been decided according to the customers need, preference and the countries suitability. Domestic strategy is been fixed and rarely changes while the global strategy changes according to the need of that country. There are chances that the domestic strategy is similarly to global strategy while it can differ also. ( strategic management-ireland.hoskisson.hitt) The major challenges that international managers/marketer faces when strategic planning for the global markets:- The greater geographical dispersion across country border increases the cost of coordination between unit and distribution of product. Trade barrier of the global country also a major challenges for the managers. Even the cultural diversification and other differences by country like (access to raw material and different employee skill levels) greatly complicate the implementation of strategy planning for global market. Differences in consumer needs, wants, and usage patterns for products is also one of the major challenges for the manager during their strategy planning. Some time the religion of the particular country also affects the strategy planning of the company. This is also one the important challenge for the manager to understand. Nokia Case Study Domestic strategy: Vision for future: The main vision as stated on website and an punch line of Nokia Connecting people is now connecting people to what matters whatever that means for each person giving them the power to make the most of every moment, everywhere, any time. Connecting the we is more powerful than just the individual. Thats how Nokia is needed to help make the world a better place for everyone. (http://www.nokia.com) Strategy of company: The Nokia website states on its blog that To do this we will become the leading provider of mobile solutions. Our solutions strategy leverages one of our greatest assets a portfolio of outstanding devices, with unmatched scale and geographic reach. We couple them with smart services, integrated via an intuitive and seamless user experience. We differentiate these solutions offerings based on our in-depth consumer understanding, with a strong focus on social location (people and places). (http://www.nokia.com) Now NOKIA in India: The Indian market is huge and diverse and also undraped. As the rural India is the main unexploited which could be captured. But these rural markets have its own challenges in it. This brought Nokia to India and captures its huge market. Nokias marketing strategy planning in India- MISSION: The mission of NOKIA in INDIA is to provide the customer with the best durable, economical stylish and low cost cell phone with best feature for the common use of customers. MARKETING OBJECTIVES Maintain positive, strong growth every quarter by selling more and more no. of cell phone. Achieve a steady increase in market penetration To maintain its position of Indias no. 1 cell phone producing company. Maintaining its reputation. 4ps of marketing mix: 1. Product: Domestic strategy: Nokia in its domestic strategy had developed many model of cell which been updated time to time. Global strategy: The product Nokia brought for Indian market was more of user friendly and very durable product. As Indian market always demanded more of rough and tough mobiles which could be used and handled by every person. Even one of the main product features for India was that Nokia came out with the cell phone with torch in it. Which was a good strategy to attract the Indian rural market. As after the analysis Nokia came to know that 60percent of Indian population stays in India. And rural India is facing big problem of electricity. Thus this kind of torch in cell phones attracted the rural India So Nokia came with the product which was desirable by the market. 2. Price: Domestic strategy: The prices of mobile phones are comparatively according to the economy of the country. So the call rates in Finland are also comparatively high. But as there are very less competition so price of cell phone is high. Global strategy: The Indian mobile market has an over 170million subscribers making it the most cost effective player in this industry worldwide. More over India has the most lowest call rates and apart from this mobile phone calling from anywhere around the world is just two cents per minute, as in front of China it is four cents. The market is also aiming at immense growth. But so far Nokia is aiming at its Penetration-Led strategy which means having a mobile phone with every single person of the world. They are targeting at retaining their costumser which they have termed as replacement-Led. From a survey its been known that costumers in India tend to change their mobile phones very frequently. And whenever they come to change their phone are willing to pay an extra penny for a new upgraded handset. Thus in this way Nokia have managed to keep their price change as per the demand of its customers In India. 3. Promotion: Domestic strategy: Nokia is already a Finland company. So it is already a famous brand. Thus it does not require much of promotional activities to be done. Global strategy: Nokia made its promotion in various ways to capture Indian market. Among this the main focus was the rural market which was huge. Various film stars were been hired to promote Nokia. Even Nokia sponsored various cultural activities and sports activities and sports teams. 4. Place: Domestic strategy: In its domestic strategy it is already defined the places it has to cover. Which include whole of the country? Global strategy: For Nokia it was very important to keep a strong distribution channel so that the customer gets a product at right time and at a right place. Thus for this Nokia started its website, showrooms, marts and etc. Main strategy: The most foremost strategy for the company was to maintain the No 1 position in India among the cellular companies. This could be achieved if the firm keep on surveying the huge rural as well as the urban market. For the rural India Nokia adopted low cost strategy while for urban it adopted differentiations. Nokia external analysis | Porters 5 Forces Nokia a. Threat of New Entrant: Domestic strategy: there is low threat of new entrant. Because it is the first company of Finland with its big brand name. Global strategy: As Nokia has already built a good brand image in the Indian market. Thus it has a very weak effect of new entrants if any enters the market. Because Nokia has become number 1 as well as most reliable brand in the market now. So it will not be affected by any new players. b. Threat of the Substitutes: Domestic strategy: even in the domestic field there is no proper or exact substitute for Nokia cell phone. Global strategy: As in now there is no direct substitute available for the mobile phones and especially Nokias advanced feature mobile phone. c. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Domestic strategy: the bargaining power of substitute is low. Global strategy: As in now Nokia is been No 1 brand thus it holds a strong position in the market. So bargaining power of supplier is very low. d. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Domestic strategy: the bargaining power of consumer is moderate. When a new model is been manufactured it is thrown in the market. Thus consumer has less influence on it. Global strategy: As in mobile phone market is very price sensitive. Thus in that case the buyers demand and supply pattern matters a lot for the company. As it is been working under the assumptions of the buyers demand. Thus they have a stronger influence. e. Rivalry among Competitors: Domestic strategy: there is less competition. So rivalry among competitor is also low in this case. Global strategy: There is a high competition in this industry. There are many competitors like: Motorola, Samsung, LG and etc. thus it can be a problem for the company in the long run. SWOT analysis of Nokia: Strength: Nokia has the largest selling and distribution network compare to other mobile phone companies. It is backed with high quality HR and IT professional as compare to others. The financial part is very strong as it has much more profitable business. Wide range of product for all class. The re-sell value of its hand set is more compare to any other company. People trust it more compare to others. Weakness: Price offered by the company for few handsets is high. So products are not user friendly. Not concern about the demand of lower class people. Service center are very less and scare. After sales service is not good. Opportunity: It has a great opportunity in this huge. Opportunity to capture the rural Indian market. Most reliable company so people trust it more compare to others. India standard of living is also increases, so people are becoming more and more trend oriented. Threat: New players are entering with new features to attract the customers. Previously other companies were not providing user friendly mobile but now they have started meeting customers need. Conclusion Thus at the last I want to conclude the following points: The domestic strategy should always consist of future oriented goals. They should also have some or few global strategy also. When a firm enters a new market, its global strategy should be such that it should suit to the customers needs and requirement. Nokia case study helped to understand the global strategy. It also helped me to understand the various reasons and strategy Nokia adopted due to which it become no 1 in India. The main and the most important thing which Nokia kept in mind while entering the Indian market was its culture and values. Which any company should take care when it is entering into global market with its global strategy. Recommendation: When firm is going to enter a new market it should first study the global market. Proper analysis of the market should be done. The perception of the customer, their religion, there values all should be studied very well before entering into global market and before preparing global strategy. Thus manager good strategy can make firm earn more profit and vice versa.