Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Counselling for Development and Existential - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCounsellingfor Human Development and Existential. Answer: Introduction The concept of counseling has been there for long. Counselors have always sought to understand clients and counsel them. The need of counseling has been rising over the years and is important for the wellbeing of an individual. Since individuals have different needs and are in different states, there exist many types of counseling each its model with theories. The types of counseling all are in the broad category of the directive and non-directive counseling. Existential Counselling Existential counseling stems from the theory that humans always change depending on the environment and the circumstances surrounding them. The counselor centers on the life of the client and tries to help the client explore the value and meaning of their lives (P. E. Van Deurzen, 2002). The client is led to live in life according to their abilities and to be true to themselves by creating their identity (Adams, 2014). The counselor guides the client to explore and understand their ideals and values and does not give their judgment (E. van Deurzen, 2012). The aim of this method is to enable the client to live life on their terms (Jacobsen, 2007). The counselor must be aware that all the focus is on the client and should help them explore their strengths and opportunities without no judgment. This method has always been criticized for intellectualizing the life and abilities of the client. Without the judgment of the counselor, this method is often deemed narrow. However, this method is very effective for clients whose problems arises from lives challenges and with those clients who love to examine their lives. This method is often thought to be philosophical, and it works well with clients with the same thoughts about life and existence (Miars, 2002). Those clients who are less motivated to explore their lives will not get any help by use of this method. It helps the client understand the meaning of life and how they can take control of their lives without focusing on what they are doing wrong. Cognitive Counselling This is based on the theory that ones emotions and external events will influence the thoughts of the individual. How we evaluate a stimulus determines our response toward the stimulus (Appleby, Warner, Whitton, Faragher, 1997). This counseling is based on the idea that the client is stressed because of misleading thoughts about something (Rautalinko, 2013). It is also known as cognitive behavioral counseling since the aim of the counselor is to understand how thoughts and behaviors of the client interrelate causing the client to be depressed (Gable, 2008). A counselor will aim to help the client know the thoughts that are causing them psychological pain. This makes the counselor look at the clients life from his (clients) point of view and then advise them hence making them more self-aware and able to cope. Telling a client how they react about something may not make them feel better since the worry remains on their heads (McLeod, 2013). This approach is also disadvantageous in that the counselor takes a directive role so as to know what is wrong with the client. The client may feel that counselor does not fully understand them. This method works well with clients who do not mind introspection and will not mind the counselor exploring their behaviors (Jacobs, 2004). It is also useful for clients who are suffering from panic-induced stress, and depression since the clients will learn what triggers them and be able to monitor what they are upset about. The counselor often gives the client tasks to do which often induce stress so that they can try to fight the thoughts. Rational-Emotive Behavior Counselling It is founded on the theory that humans strive to live and be happy. It also realizes that humans can adopt behavior which is unreasonable and may stand in their way of achieving what they aim for (Ellis Dryden, 1997). It also holds that humans can change their thoughts and attitudes hence change their psychological state. A counselor aims to identify an event in the clients life, the attitude of the client toward the event, and emotional response toward that event (Ellis, 1999). The counselor helps the client replace the bad beliefs with better ones by accepting that all humans have weaknesses and they face troubles when trying to achieve their goals (Dryden David, 2008). A client should admit of a problem and how they feel about the problem. The counselor helps the client challenge their beliefs and overcome them by use of several techniques such as imagery and emotive techniques. This helps the clients replace their negative attitudes with positive ones. This approach can be annoying for the client since those beliefs, however irrational, are often held deep by them (Turner Barker, 2014). This method should only be applied to a specific group of clients otherwise it will be counterproductive. It does not also work with clients who are used to philosophical engagement with people. This approach, if used with other approaches, can successfully remove the irrational thoughts held by the client (Ellis Ellis, 2011). The counselor should work with the client and challenge them on their beliefs. This method removes the mental hindrances that the client has and helps them to achieve their set goals, both long-term and short-term. Client-Centered Counselling It is based on the idea that clients can control the directions of their lives. However, it agrees that when faced with adversity, a person may not live their lives as they would have wanted (Erekson Lambert, 2015). Predominantly, when individuals experience negativity, they will grow up in a different manner since the individual can integrate the thoughts hence changing their views. Psychological distress often occurs when the clients beliefs clash with that negativity(Casemore, 2011). The counselor should provide positivity to the client, be compassionate and shower the client with positive feelings, and be honest with the client. The client should be able to express themselves without criticism and judgment (Rogers, 1946). This enables a client to develop as their being by developing an identity. This method accepts that clients as the master of their fates and the counselor focus on their thoughts and feelings and not his own (counselors) (Mearns Thorne, 2007). In this approach, the counselor does not challenge the client on their beliefs and abilities. This means that the client does not receive expertise feedback on why they feel that way. The counselor does not engage professionally with the client. This method is useful to the clients who do not necessarily need expertise advice (Rogers, 1961). The client can be able to get meaningful change if they evaluate themselves honestly and take control of their lives. The client can explore their self and be able to solve their problems on their own. By giving the client a chance to assess themselves, the clients develop a sense of personal identity. References Adams, M. (2014). Human development and existential counseling psychology. Appleby, L., R Whitton,., B Warner., . A Faragher (1997). A controlled study of cognitive behavioral counseling in the treatment of postnatal depression. BMJ, 208(6767), 798-838. Casemore, R. (2011). Person-Centred Counselling: Overview. Deurzen, P. E. Van. (2002). Existential Counselling and Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 4, 105. Dryden, W., David, D. (2008). Rational Emotive Behavior Counselling. Ellis, A. (1999). Rational-emotive therapy? Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(3-4), 143-189. Ellis, A., Dryden, W. (1997). Rational emotive behavior therapy. Ellis, A., Ellis, D. J. (2011). Rational emotive behavior Counselling. Erekson, D. M., Lambert, M. J. (2015). Client-Centered Therapy. Gable, J. (2008). Counselling Skills for Dietitians. Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, 28(3), 187-208. Jacobs, M. (2004). Psychodynamic Counselling in Action. SAGE Counselling in Action (Vol. 3rd ed.). Jacobsen, B. (2007). Authenticity and our basic existential dilemmas. Counselling Skills for Dietitians. McLeod, J. (2013). An introduction to counseling. Open University Press, 22(5)798. Mearns, D., Thorne, B. (2007). Person-centred counseling. Miars, R. D. (2002). A foundational value of counseling. Rautalinko, E. (2013). Significant aspects of client-centered therapy. Rogers, C. R. (1946). Reflective listening and open-ended questions in counseling. Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapists view of psychotherapy. The Sports Psychologist, 14(5), 80-92. Turner, M. J., Barker, J. B. (2014). Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy with Athletes. Van Deurzen, E. (2012). Existential Counselling and therapy.

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